1. Chapter 8: China Learning Target 7.21
Neo-Confucianism
Chapter 8: China
Learning Target 7.21

2. Learning Target 7.21
I can analyze the role of kinship and Confucianism in maintaining order and hierarchy.

3. Neo-Confucianism
Tang and Song Dynasty rulers worked to bring Confucius ideas back to a respected position in Chinese society.
One reason this new Confucianism was created was to stop the growing influence of Buddhism.
Neo-Confucianism taught…
You should be concerned about this world and the afterlife.
You should be active in society and help others.
You should remember to respect your ancestors.
You would find peace of mind if you followed the teachings of Confucius.

4. 5 Key Relationships Ruler and Ruled (Subject) Husband and Wife
Parent and Child
Elder to Younger
Friend to Friend

5. Match the statement to the right with the relationship below:
Ruler and Ruled
Husband and Wife
Parent and Child
Elder to Younger
Friend to Friend
A. “Lead them by means of regulations and keep order through punishments, and the people will evade them and will lack any sense of shame. Lead them through moral force and keep order among them through rites, and they will have a sense of shame and will also correct themselves.”

6. Match the statement to the right with the relationship below:
Ruler and Ruled
Husband and Wife
Parent and Child
Elder to Younger
Friend to Friend
B. “When your parents are alive, you should not go too far afield in your travels. If you do, your whereabouts should always be known.”

7. Match the statement to the right with the relationship below:
Ruler and Ruled
Husband and Wife
Parent and Child
Elder to Younger
Friend to Friend
C. “Make it your guiding principle to do your best for others and to be trustworthy in what you say. Do not accept as friend anyone who is not as good as you. When you make a mistake do not be afraid of mending your ways.”

8. Match the statement to the right with the relationship below:
Ruler and Ruled
Husband and Wife
Parent and Child
Elder to Younger
Friend to Friend
D. “Should one immediately put into practice what one has heard?” “As your father and elder brothers are still alive, you are hardly in a position immediately to put into practice what you have heard.”

9. Match the statement to the right with the relationship below:
Ruler and Ruled
Husband and Wife
Parent and Child
Elder to Younger
Friend to Friend
E. "The woman follows the man. In her youth she follows her father and elder brother; when married, she follows her husband; when her husband is dead, she follows her son."

10. Chinese Social Structure
Emperor
Scholars
Peasants/Farmers
Craftsmen
Merchants

11. Scholar-Official Class
As a philosophy, Confucianism had the greatest influence on the development of social order and political organization.
Tang and Song rulers saw Neo-Confucianism and civil service examinations as a way to strengthen the government.
The civil service exam system created a new class of leaders in China called the scholar-officials.
This came as a result of the difficulty and expense in preparing for the exam.
Strict rules set the scholar-officials apart from the rest of society.

12. The Analects, by Confucius
The Master said, “He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star, which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.”
The Duke Ai asked, saying, “What should be done in order to secure the submission of the people?” Confucius replied, “Advance the upright and set aside the crooked, then the people will submit. Advance the crooked and set aside the upright, then the people will not submit.”
Confucius said, “If a ruler sets himself right, he will be followed without his command. If he does not set himself right, even his commands will not be obeyed.” [13:6]

13. respect for elderly family members and ancestors
Filial Piety
respect for elderly family members and ancestors