1. Motivation:

2. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
At your tables, discuss the difference between:
Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation

3. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation

4. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
Language is a Tool that allows you to get something.

5. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
Language is a Tool that allows you to get something.
-Test scores -Rewards
-Job -University
-Certification Pleasure (songs/movies)

6. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
Language is a Tool that allows you to get something.
-Test scores -Rewards
-Job -University
-Certification Pleasure (songs/movies)

7. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
Language is a tool that allows you to join another group in some way
Language is a Tool that allows you to get something.
-Test scores -Rewards
-Job -University
-Certification Pleasure (songs/movies)

8. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
Language is a tool that allows you to join another group in some way
- Travelling (and meeting locals)
- Immigrating
- Internet communities
- Meeting tourists
- Pen pals / talking about culture
- Marriage / intercultural friendships
Language is a Tool that allows you to get something.
-Test scores -Rewards
-Job -University
-Certification Pleasure (songs/movies)

9. Pre-actional-----------Actional-----------Post-actional
Motivation:
Now, discuss the difference between these 3 types:
Pre-actional Actional Post-actional

10. Motivation during a game:

11. Motivation during a game:
Learning about the game
(finding out about the prize)

12. Motivation during a game:
Learning about the game
(finding out about the prize)
Desire to win the game.
-come from behind
-Stay in front, -etc.

13. Motivation during a game:
-Enjoying success
-Reflecting on the loss
Learning about the game
(finding out about the prize)
Desire to win the game.
-come from behind
-Stay in front, -etc.

14. Motivation during a game:
-Enjoying success
-Reflecting on the loss
Learning about the game
(finding out about the prize)
Desire to win the game.
-come from behind
-Stay in front, -etc.
Often, this carries over into the next experience.
(confidence in ability / desire to fix or make up for past mistakes)

15. Motivation for learning Korean:
* Moving to the country
* Desire to meet locals/fit in
* Memories of past success (learning French/Spanish/etc.)
…but what’s next?

16. Instrumental Motivation & Integrative Motivation
Language is a tool that allows you to join another group in some way
- Travelling (and meeting locals)
- Immigrating
- Internet communities
- Meeting tourists
- Pen pals / talking about culture
- Marriage / intercultural friendships
Language is a Tool that allows you to get something.
-Test scores -Rewards
-Job -University
-Certification Pleasure (songs/movies)

17. Motivation for learning Korean:
+High support
+Frequent need
+Frequent chances to use the language meaningfully
*Moving to the country
*Desire to meet locals/fit in
*memories of past success (learning French/Spanish/etc.)
- Low support
- Minimal requirements
- Few opportunities for meaningful success

18. Motivation for learning Korean:
+Genuine praise
+High confidence
+Continued interest
-Fake praise
-Low confidence
-Lack of interest

19. Motivation: The main idea here, is that motivation constantly changes.
If we view it as a cycle, we see that past experiences influence future motivation.
Success alone doesn’t keep students motivated.
Reflection / feedback and renewed goals are key to keep motivation going.

20. A Study in Motivation:
Ortega mentions a study by Lamb. It was a study of Indonesian middle-schoolers done(reported) in 2004 and 2007
It identified their motivation and tracked it over 20 months
It’s not Korea, and it’s not that long…but it’s the best we’ve got right now!
They’re not super-rich kids, but they are comparable with (upper-) middle class Korean kids. They’re all college bound. Unlike Korean kids, they study English 3 hours a week in school and some study one hour a week in an after-school club
Let’s follow along on pg 99. I’ll ask a question and you should predict what the data from the study will show:

21. The Link between Motivation and Success:
Question 1:
The Link between Motivation and Success:
Do you think all motivated students in the study are successful?
Are all successful students motivated?

22. The Link between Motivation and Success:
Question 1:
The Link between Motivation and Success:
Not all motivated students were successful. A few highly motivated students failed to make much progress…This is potentially linked to teacher’s positive/negative comments
While it’s not always easy/possible to motivate unmotivated students, we can see here the harm in de-motivating students who were otherwise motivated (disrupting the motivation cycle

23. Instrumental Motivation:
Question 2:
Instrumental Motivation:
Do you think these kids ever use English in their daily life?
How many do you think?:
Read books/magazines? Watch TV? Listen to songs?
The Students’ favorite activities in school are dialogues and role plays.
Have conversations in English outside of the school?

24. Instrumental Motivation:
Question 2:
Instrumental Motivation:
Many of the students actually use English passively (listening/reading)
…but they say they prefer speaking activities!
What we see here is a mismatch between their perceived goals/needs and what the school offers.
Part of this may be due to their focus on long-term goals of becoming adults who not only know English, but speak it as well.
Luckily, they enjoy school and class and are able to see ways in which it helps them reach their goals.

25. Integrative Motivation:
Question 3:
Integrative Motivation:
Do you think these kids have interest in other cultures?
If so, do you think their integrative motivation is higher or lower than their instrumental motivation?

26. Integrative Motivation:
Question 3:
Integrative Motivation:
It seems most of their reasons for liking English class are Integrative. (#6 is instrumental)
However, when they think about why English is important,
Their reasons are:
Career, 2) Meeting foreigners, and 3) Parents
Does this sound like Korea?
What we see here is a mix of both types. Depending on the time and situation, we can see different types of motivation.

27. Maintaining Motivation:
Question 4:
Maintaining Motivation:
How do you think their motivation changed as they got older?
Did Instrumental motivation go up or down?
Did Integrative motivation go up or down?

28. Maintaining Motivation:
Question 4:
Maintaining Motivation:
Here we see a strong connection between students losing interest in English and students not feeling satisfied with their progress (post-actional motivation!)
Here we see a strong increase in Instrumental motivation, as things like jobs and test draw nearer.
Here we see a moderate decrease in Integrative motivation, probably as they don’t see themselves, travelling/making international friends until after
They meet their nearer-term goals of passing tests, graduating, and getting jobs.

29. Attitudes towards English:
Question 5:
Attitudes towards English:
Perhaps the main piece of the puzzle we forgot to discuss…
Do the kids like learning English?
What percentage of these students would you guess say they “don’t like” learning English?

30. Attitudes towards English:
Question 5:
Attitudes towards English:
Surprisingly, not even one student said they didn’t like it!
They all give different reasons, some integrative, some instrumental, and the main reason is neither! They just enjoy the challenge.
In this case, we see how little the teacher influences their motivation.
Are Korean students motivated in this way? How do students get this kind of motivation?

31. Wrap-up