1. DR. SAFAA

2. Introduction It is clear, however, that learning a second language is a difficult time-consuming process. when students first enter the language class, they are often motivated by dreams of being able to speak the language in a few weeks. This does not last very long and their dreams wane before the end of their first year. (Comment) 2Dr.Safaa

3. What is Motivation Motivation is a central element along with language aptitude in determining success in learning another language in the classroom setting. Motivation, refers to the driving force in any situation. It reflects a genuine interest in learning the second language in order to come closer psychologically to the other language community. 3Dr.Safaa

4. the extent to which language learners persevere in learning, what kinds of behaviour they exert, and their actual achievement The combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal plus favorable attitudes towards learning the language. Motivation is a complex concept, Motivated individuals have goals. They experience satisfaction when they are successful and dissatisfaction when they are not. 4Dr.Safaa

5. Motivation Types For personal interest To learn for fun Integrative To obtain a practical goal To learn for employment Instrumental 5Dr.Safaa

6. Integrative=Internal: it an interest in l2, a desire to learn a TL. Instrumental=External A desire to gain social recognition or economic advantages through knowing a L2. it is also characterized by an interest in learning a for pragmatic benefits such as career or high salary. 6Dr.Safaa

7. Motivation Sources intrinsic satisfaction: The learner’s natural interest. the enjoyment that comes from the learning process itself, a desire to make themselves feel better, extrinsic reward: The end result. e.g. the need to pass an exam, the hope of financial reward. 7Dr.Safaa

8. Motivation Requirements motivation to learn the second language is viewed as requiring three elements. 1. the motivated individual expends effort to learn 2. motivated individual wants to achieve the goal. 3. the motivated individual will enjoy the task of learning the language. 8Dr.Safaa

9. Motivation Principles Creating the basic motivational conditions. Generating student motivation Maintaining and protecting motivation Encouraging positive self-evaluation. 9Dr.Safaa

10. Motivation Aspects A goal effortful behaviour to reach the goal a desire to attain the goal positive attitudes toward the goal 10Dr.Safaa

11. Improving Motivation Imagine yourself in the future. Keep contact with teachers who can help you. Ask your family for support and encouragement. set yourself short, medium and long-term goals to focus your activities. remind yourself frequently that you are going to succeed. Talk to people about English. 11Dr.Safaa

12. Use your English whenever you can Find a friend who is learning English take responsibility for your own learning, Remember that learning English requires action. select learning materials that are attractive and interesting. Spend some money on learning English. praise yourself for mastering a piece of work reward yourself for reaching goals and deadlines. keep your expectation high. develop positive attitudes to learning, the target language and target community. 12Dr.Safaa

13. Attitudes Evaluation of people, objects, issues and ideas. They consist of Positive Reaction Positive Negative Reaction Negative Not positive, not negative Ambivalence 13Dr.Safaa

14. Attitudes Components Affective Component: emotional reactions toward the object. Cognitive Component: thoughts and beliefs about the object. Behavioural Component: actions and behaviours toward the object. 14Dr.Safaa

15. Attitude formation How are they formed? They are learned through the process of social learning in which we interact with others and observe their behaviours. Studies conducted with identical twins suggest that attitudes may also be influenced b genetic factors. 15Dr.Safaa

16. Attitudes differ in their strength and always attitudes formed by religious views or our feelings are strong. What determines attitude strength is how important it is, how knowledgeable about the topic and whether is heritable or not. Attitudes do sometimes change, they often do so in response to social influence. Mass media may help change or acquire the attitude. 16Dr.Safaa

17. Attitudes & Language Learning Linguists & Psychologists assert that learning occur s more easily when the leaner has a positive attitude towards the language and learning. If the learner is reluctant to learn, he/she does not produce any result. In school in general, students’ towards the language teacher, the course materials, the activities...., usually affect the process of learning. 17Dr.Safaa

18. Teacher‘s Role To help sts form positive attitudes and try to change the negative ones. They need to keep an eye on: i)What are my learners’ problem in learning English? ii) How these can be removed? iii)What does my learner want? 18Dr.Safaa

19. Thank You Dr.Safaa19