1. Chapter 11 The Nation Grows and Prospers 1790- 1825
Sections 1 &2
The Industrial Revolution
Americans Move Westward

2. Objectives
Identify the Industrial Revolution and its effects on the United States
Describe early factories with focus on Lowell, Massachusetts
Describe how settlers traveled west
Explain new developments in transportation

3. I. The Industrial Revolution
A. New Technology
1. Begins in Britain mid 1700s
2. gradual process by which new machines replace hand tools and steam and other forms of power replace human and animal power for textile industry
3. James Hargreaves invented Spinning jenny – could spin several threads at once
4. Water powered loom – Edmund Cartwright
5. Produced more cloth in a day than was possible before

4. Spinning Jenny

5. B. The Factory System
1. New inventions required new systems of production
2. Capitalist- a person who invests in a business in order to make a profit
3. Factory system- brought workers and machinery together in one place to produce goods

6. Spinning Jenny Slater’s Mill

7. II. A Revolution Crosses the Atlantic
A. Slater Breaks the Law
1. British law forbid anyone to take plans for new machinery out of the country
Slater left Britain
3. Memorized the plans so he wouldn’t get caught with them
B. The First American Mill
Slater built the first successful textile mill in the US powered by water
2. Pawtucket, Rhode Island

8. Interchangeable Parts
C. Interchangeable parts- all machine made parts are identical to each other
1. Eli Whitney- guns, cotton gin
2. Earlier, everything made one at a time
3. Saved time and money- relatively unskilled workers could produce many parts at one time at a lower cost and replacement parts became readily available
4. Idea spread rapidly

9. III. Lowell, Massachusetts: A Model Factory Town
A. Had to produce more goods because of the blockade of ports during War of 1812
B. The Lowell Mills
1. Francis Cabot Lowell
2. Combine spinning and weaving under one roof
3. Built a whole town of factories as a model of efficiency

10. Lowell and Lowell Girls

11. Are you ready? Can you even handle this?

12. The Lowell Girls 1. Young women nearby farms 2. Most sent wages home
3. Boarding houses
4. Rules
5. Independence
The Lowell Girls

13. In case you missed them…...
#promdate

14. IV. Daily Life During the Industrial Revolution
A. Child Labor
1. As young as seven
2. Not seen as cruel because farm work was just as hard or harder
3. Child’s wages needed to support the family
B. Long Hours
1. 12 hour days, 6 days a week
2. Conditions better than in Europe
3. As competition increases, owners grew less interested in welfare of workers

15. C. Changes in Home Life
1. More family members left home to earn a living
2. Affected ideas about the role of women
3. Poor women had to work

16. **The Industrial Revolution led to rapid urbanization.
V. Growing Cities
A. Many people left farms to work in factories
B. Urbanization-movement of population from farms to cities
**The Industrial Revolution led to rapid urbanization.
1. Steady but gradual process
2. Early cities were small but growing

17. Pros and Cons of Urban Living
C. Hazards
1. Dirt streets turned to mud in rain
2. No sewers, garbage in streets
3. Disease spread easily
D. Attractions
1. Theaters, museums, circuses
2. Latest fashions, shopping

18. Americans Move Westward

20. VI. Traveling West
A. “West” -referred to the lands between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River
B. Need to improve transportation to the west is obvious …. The development of roads and flatboats encouraged population growth in territories so that many territories were able to apply for statehood.
C. Population of some of 13 colonies declines as people move west.

21. D. Western Routes
1. Great Wagon Road through Pennsylvania
2. Wilderness Road south and west by Daniel Boone’s route, led through Cumberland Gap
3. Flatboats down Ohio River
4. People from GA and SC followed routes to AL and MS
5. People from NE pushed into NW territory

22. Flatboats

23. New States Enter the Union
E. New States
1792 Kentucky
1796 Tennessee
1803 Ohio
1812 Louisiana
1816 Indiana
1817 Mississippi
1818 Illinois
1819 Alabama

24. VII. Improvements to Roads
A. Turnpikes and Corduroy Roads
1. Roads built by private companies
2. Turnpikes for tolls- collecting toll money allowed for safer roads to be built, companies used the funds to build more efficient roads
3. Lancaster Turnpike the best of its time, linked Lancaster and Philadelphia
4.Corduroy roads of logs
5. Covered bridges lasted longer than plain wood

25. B. The National Road 1. 1806 Congress sets aside funds
2. Road to run from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling in western VA
3. Work begins 1811 and is completed in 1818
4. Road later extended as needed

26. VIII. Steam Transport A. Fitch and Fulton
1. Fitch showed how a steam engine could power a boat (Constitutional Convention 1787)
2. Few people used his ferry service
3. Fulton launched a steamboat - the Clermont on the Hudson River
mile trip in 62 hours – record

27. What would be some of the advantages of the steamships?
B. The Age of Steamboats
1. Revolutionized travel in the west
2. Gave farmers and merchants a cheap way to move goods
3. Steamboats were faster and required less manpower than flatboats..
Disadvantage: Dangerous at times as sparks can explode high pressure boilers

28. IX. The Canal Boom A. Building the Erie Canal
1. Let farmers ship goods to port of New York
2. Links Great Lakes with Hudson River
3. DeWitt Clinton, governor of NY, instrumental in getting it built
4. “Clinton’s Ditch”

31. The Big Ditch
This painting shows the "Seneca Chief," the flagship of a flotilla making the maiden voyage down the Erie Canal. The 363-mile-long, $7 million canal opened the shortest thoroughfare between the Atlantic Coast's factories and the natural bounty of the Great Lakes, helping to position New York City as America's leading metropolis.
The Canal did not greatly affect business for stagecoach companies, which were faster, and not limited by road capacity or ice, but it did bankrupt the Conestoga wagon freight carriers. By 1841, however, the railroads had put stagecoach companies out of business. The Erie Canal still operates today.

32. Transcontinental Railroad
Revolutionized the shipment of cargo across the United States benefitting economic growth.

33. 1776 miles long, constructed between 1863-1869 by 3 private companies
DEVELOPMENT:
The majority of workers were Irish laborers, Mormon workers, and Chinese immigrants
OBSTACLES:
Mountains- tunnels had to be blasted
avg. 1 ft. per day - the longest was 1659 ft. long
Native Americans – sabotaged railways once they realized what the “iron horse” would do to their way of life