1. THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

2. The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain

3. CAUSES Better agricultural practices lead to a larger food supply.
More farmland
Good weather
Improved transportation
New crops (potato)
More food means lower prices.
Lower prices mean people can spend money on manufactured goods

4. CAUSES Growth in Population
More people means more demand
More people means more workers
Capital to Invest in Machines and Factories
Many British are wealthy
Entrepreneur – looking for new business opportunities and ways of making profits

5. CAUSES Great Britain has Abundant Natural Resources
Good rivers that supply water power as well as transportation
Coal
Iron Ore
Great Britain has a Supply of Markets
Vast colonial empire
Domestic markets – more demand in Great Britain

6. CHANGES IN PRODUCTION Cottage Industry is replaced with automation
Edmund Cartwright (1787) I invented a water powered loom (weave). Workers go to the water
James Hargraves invented the “spinning jenny” (thread)
James Watt invented a steam powered engine – powered by coal
Great Britain becomes the leading cotton producer in the world

7. CHANGES IN PRODUCTION Coal and Iron Railroads
Coal powered the steam engines
Steam engines required iron
Railroad tracks required iron
Railroads
Important to the success of the Industrial Revolution
Allowed mass goods to be transported
1804 – First steam locomotive
Building tracks created new jobs for farm laborers and peasants

8. RESULTS
Great Britain is the first industrialized nation and richest nation
Produced ½ the worlds coal
Produced ½ the worlds manufactured goods
Great Britain was the world’s leading cotton producer
Industrial Revolution Spreads
To Western Europe
To North America

9. RESULTS Growth of Cities and Population
European population in 1750 = 140 million
European population in 1850 = 266 million
Decline in death rates –wars, disease, plague
Increase in food supply
City Growth
Factories are located in cities
People leave the farms and move to the city looking for jobs

10. RESULTS Social Classes Industrial Middle Class – Bourgeoisie
Made up of factory owners, machine owners who search for markets
Desire to make money!
Industrial Working Class
Factory workers
Poor working conditions, hours, wages, job security – especially for women and children

11. Socialism
Socialism is when a society or government owns or controls the means of production such as factories or utilities.
The conditions experienced by the Working Middle Class prompted some intellectuals to want to replace competition with cooperation.
Several attempts at a Utopian society failed.