1. Splash Screen

2. Section 2: Election Campaigns Section 3: Paying for Election Campaigns
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Who Can Vote?
Section 2: Election Campaigns
Section 3: Paying for Election Campaigns
Visual Summary
Chapter Menu

3. The right to vote is a major responsibility of citizenship
The right to vote is a major responsibility of citizenship. By voting, citizens can influence all levels of government as well as the laws under which we live. Yet many Americans do not exercise this fundamental right and responsibility of our democratic way of life.
Chapter Intro 1

4. Section 1: Who Can Vote?
The right to vote is one of the fundamental rights of citizens in a democratic society. Voting is a basic political right of all U.S. citizens who meet certain qualifications set by law.
Chapter Intro 2

5. Section 2: Election Campaigns
A successful democracy is built on an informed electorate. The success of an election campaign depends on the people who organize it.
Chapter Intro 2

6. Section 3: Paying for Election Campaigns
A successful democracy is built on an informed electorate. The sophisticated vote-getting techniques that candidates use have made campaigning very expensive.
Chapter Intro 2

7. Chapter Preview-End

8. Guide to Reading Big Idea
The right to vote is one of the fundamental rights of citizens in a democratic society.
Section 1-Main Idea

9. Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary polling place
precinct
ballot
absentee ballot
returns
exit poll
electorate
apathy
Academic Vocabulary
ultimate
devote
Section 1-Key Terms

10. What are the requirements for voting in elections in the United States today?
What can people do if they are unable to vote on Election Day?
What are characteristics of voters in the United States?
What must you do to register to vote in the United States?

11. Where do you typically find polling places?
What are some of the indicators as to whether you should vote for certain candidates?
What are the types of ballots used in elections today?
Who must approve the types of ballots used?

12. What were some of the early restrictions on voting in the United States?
What does the US Constitution say about the right to vote?
What does the National Voter Registration Act let US Citizens do?

13. Qualifying to Vote
The right to vote is the foundation of American democracy.
Section 1

14. Qualifying to Vote (cont.)
Voting is both a right and a responsibility.
People previously barred from voting in the United States:
White adult males who did not own property
Women
African American males
Native American males
People under 21 years of age
Section 1

15. Qualifying to Vote (cont.)
Voting rights today:
Right to vote not denied because of race, color, gender, or age (if at least 18 years old)
Right to vote denied to people convicted of serous crimes
Extending the Right to Vote
Section 1

16. Qualifying to Vote (cont.)
Voter registration:
Required 25 days before an election in most states
State requirements vary
Information needed for voter registration forms
Identity proof needed to register for first-time voters
Extending the Right to Vote
Section 1

17. Steps in Voting
Voting is a basic political right of all U.S. citizens who meet certain qualifications set by law.
Section 1

18. Steps in Voting (cont.)
On Election Day, citizens cast their votes at a polling place in their precinct.
Sample ballot at the entrance
Clerks and challengers have certain responsibilities
Election judges are also present
Section 1

19. Steps in Voting (cont.) Types of voting machines: Punch-card machine
Lever machine
Section 1

20. Steps in Voting (cont.) Ballots: “Butterfly ballot” Punch-card ballot
Computerized ballot
Secret ballot
Absentee ballot
Section 1

21. Steps in Voting (cont.) After voting:
Election workers take returns to election board
Election board sends returns to state canvassing authority
Exit polls used to predict election results
Media projections may influence on voters
Section 1

22. Why Your Vote Matters
Through our vote, we directly participate in governing.
Section 1

23. Why Your Vote Matters (cont.)
Voters use a variety of sources to inform themselves about candidates and public issues.
Questions to ask when deciding for whom to vote
The electorate as all the people eligible to vote
Section 1

24. Why Your Vote Matters (cont.)
Why some people do not vote:
Not meeting state requirements
Not registering
Views not represented by candidates
Vote won’t make a difference
Apathy
Section 1

25. Why Your Vote Matters (cont.)
Why some people do vote:
Positive attitudes towards government and citizenship
Education, age, and income
Gives a chance to choose government leaders
Gives a chance to voice opinions
Section 1

26. Section 1-End

27. Guide to Reading Big Idea
A successful democracy is built on an informed electorate.
Section 2-Main Idea

28. Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary
Electoral College
initiative
proposition
referendum
recall
elector
winner-take-all system
Academic Vocabulary
issue
odd
Section 2-Key Terms

29. In which type of election do voters choose a party’s candidate for the general election?
A runoff election is held when?
In recent years, what has been the main purpose of the major political parties’ national convention?
A presidential election is won by the candidate who:

30. Who do voters choose in a general election?
What kind of a candidate is elected to public office by an indirect vote?
Why are national conventions no longer the setting for choosing a political party’s presidential candidate?
Presidential elections begin what activities?

31. Who are the electors in each state?
What is the purpose of the “popular vote” in each state?
What happens for the candidate who wins the popular vote in a state?
When do the winning electors meet in each state?
What do they do at that time?

32. When are the electoral votes finally counted?
What is the total number of votes in the Electoral College?
What was the compromise that created the Electoral College?

33. Types of Elections
There are different types of elections in the United States political system.
Section 2

34. Types of Elections (cont.)
Besides primary elections, there are three types of elections in the United States: general elections, elections on issues, and special elections.
Section 2

35. Types of Elections (cont.)
General elections:
Held after primary elections
Always on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November
All seats in House and one-third of seats in Senate at stake every even-numbered year
Presidential elections every four years
State and local elections
Disputed elections
Section 2

36. Types of Elections (cont.)
Issue elections:
Initiatives as a way to amend the state constitution through propositions
Referendums as a way for citizens to approve or reject a state or local law
Section 2

37. Types of Elections (cont.)
Special elections:
Runoff election as a way to determine winner of state or local election
Recall as a way to remove a public official from office
Section 2

38. Presidential Elections
Presidential elections have three major steps: (1) nomination of the candidates, (2) the campaign, and (3) the vote.
Section 2

39. Presidential Elections (cont.)
Changing role of national conventions in nominating candidates
Elements of campaigns
Section 2

40. Presidential Elections (cont.)
Electors:
Part of the Electoral College system
List of electors pledged to each candidate
Winner-take-all system
Elector votes sent to Congress to be counted
Candidate with majority of votes wins
Section 2

41. Presidential Elections (cont.)
Origins of the Electoral College system
Problems with the Electoral College system
Reforming the Electoral College system
Presidential Elections
Section 2

42. Section 2-End

43. Guide to Reading Big Idea
A successful democracy is built on an informed electorate.
Section 3-Main Idea

44. Guide to Reading Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary propaganda
political action committee (PAC)
soft money
incumbent
Academic Vocabulary
image
fee
Section 3-Key Terms

45. What is the purpose of a political campaign?
To whom do political action committees give most of their money?
What did the McCain Feingold Act do?

46. Donations given to a political party without being designated for a particular candidate’s election campaign are called
Recent campaign reform legislation increases the emphasis on:

47. Explain how the electoral college works, and discuss why the electoral college was established by the framers of the Constitution. In your answer, state whether you believe the electoral college is the most effective system for electing the president of the United States.

48. Running for Office
Running for public office is the first step in the election process.
Section 3

49. Running for Office (cont.)
Money plays a major role in the election process.
The purpose of campaigns is to convince the public to vote for a particular candidate.
Section 3

50. Running for Office (cont.)
Campaign techniques:
Canvassing to find out public opinion
Endorsements as propaganda
Advertising to create the right image and to attack opponents
Campaign expenses and high levels of spending in recent elections
Section 3

51. Financing a Campaign
Candidates spend considerable time and effort raising campaign funds.
Section 3

52. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Legislation and judicial decisions have established rules for financing political campaigns.
Section 3

53. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA) of 1971:
Required public disclosure of candidates’ spending
Limited amount of hard money donated directly to a candidate or party
Tried to limit campaign spending
Section 3

54. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Federal Election Commission (FEC):
Created by the 1974 amendment to FECA
Administers all federal election laws
Monitors campaign spending
Section 3

55. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
1976 Supreme Court ruling in Buckley v. Valeo:
Government could set limits on campaign contributions
Government could not limit spending of a candidate’s own money
Section 3

56. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Presidential Election Campaign Fund:
Text created to establish public funding for presidential elections
Money comes from annual taxes
Two major-party candidates can receive equal shares of money from fund
Third-party candidates can also qualify for funding
Section 3

57. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Private funding from various sources:
Individual citizens
Corporations
Labor unions
Interest groups
Political action committees (PACs)
Section 3

58. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Laws made by Congress concerning soft money:
Money used for general party-building purposes
Money could not come from individuals or PACs
No limits on contributions
Section 3

59. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
Money spent by interest groups on media
Money given by PACS to incumbents makes reform difficult.
Section 3

60. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
2002 Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold Act):
Set limits on who could raise soft money
Set time restrictions on campaign ads
Set new limits on hard money contributions
Section 3

61. Financing a Campaign (cont.)
McConnell v. Federal Election Commission ruling upheld the McCain-Feingold Act
Role of Internet in future fundraising increasing
Funding Congressional Campaigns
Section 3

62. Section 3-End

63. Voting
Voting is a basic political right of all citizens in a democracy who meet certain qualifications set by law.
Voting allows citizens to take positive actions to influence or control government.
VS 1a

64. Voting (cont.)
You are qualified to vote if you are not a convicted felon or legally insane, and you are:
a citizen of the United States
at least 18 years old
Most states also require that you be a resident of the state for a specified period and that you register to vote.
VS 1b

65. Registering to Vote
Registration requirements are set by state law and differ from state to state.
When you register to vote for the first time, you must show proof of citizenship, address, and age.
VS 2

66. Voting Procedures
You vote at a polling place in your home precinct. A precinct is a voting district.
You will cast your ballot by using a voting machine.
Citizens who cannot get to the polling place on Election Day can vote by absentee ballot.
VS 3

67. The Electoral College
Presidents are not chosen by direct popular vote but by a body known as the Electoral College.
While the presidential candidates’ names are printed on the ballot, the voters are not actually voting directly for president and vice president. Rather, they are voting for all of their party’s electors in their state.
VS 4

68. Political Campaigns Running for office costs money.
Campaigns are funded privately and publicly.
Campaign finance reform remains an important issue.
VS 5

69. VS-End

70. Figure 1

71. Figure 2

72. Figure 3a

73. Figure 3b

74. TIME Trans

75. Voter turnout will decrease, and smaller groups of people will determine who runs the government.
DFS Trans 1

76. DFS Trans 2

77. DFS Trans 3

78. polling place
the location where voting is carried out
Vocab1

79. precinct a geographic area that contains a specific number of voters
Vocab2

80. ballot
the list of candidates on which you cast your vote
Vocab3

81. absentee ballot
one that allows a person to vote without going to the polls on Election Day
Vocab4

82. returns
ballots and results of an election
Vocab5

83. exit poll
a survey taken at polling places of how people voted
Vocab6

84. electorate
all the people who are eligible to vote
Vocab7

85. apathy
a lack of interest
Vocab8

86. ultimate
the most basic or final
Vocab9

87. devote
to dedicate oneself to
Vocab10

88. Electoral College
a group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president
Vocab11

89. initiative
a procedure by which citizens can propose new laws or state constitutional amendments
Vocab12

90. proposition
a petition asking for a new law
Vocab13

91. referendum
a way for citizens to vote on state or local laws
Vocab14

92. recall
a special election in which citizens can vote to remove a public official from office
Vocab15

93. elector
person appointed to vote in presidential elections for the major candidates
Vocab16

94. winner-take-all system
a system in which the candidate who wins the popular vote in a state usually receives all of the state’s electoral votes
Vocab17

95. issue
a matter of debate or dispute
Vocab18

96. odd
not divisible by two
Vocab19

97. propaganda
certain ideas that may involve misleading messages designed to manipulate people
Vocab20

98. political action committee (PAC)
political organization established by a corporation, labor union, or other special-interest group designed to support candidates by contributing money
Vocab21

99. soft money
donations given to political parties and not designated for a particular candidate’s election campaign
Vocab22

100. incumbent
a politician who has already been elected to office
Vocab23

101. image
a representation or public perception
Vocab24

102. fee
a charge
Vocab25

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