1. LEAVES The organ of photosynthesis Contain chloroplasts/ chlorophyll
Absorb light for photosynthesis

2. CUTICLE waxy layer to prevent water loss
Deciduous trees: lose leaves in winter to prevent water loss & therefore freezing
Evergreens: in tropical areas and polar climates (needle-like leaves to reduce water loss)

3. EPIDERMIS
Protective layer of cells at top and bottom of leaf

4. STOMATA Openings in leaf that allow gas exchange and water release
GUARD CELLS surround stomata and open or close the stomata

5. TRANSPIRATION Water loss by plants Increases in hot, dry environments
Increases with leaf surface area
Broader leaves lose more water; narrow leaves lose less water

6. Vascular Tissue XYLEM: transports water up a plant
PHLOEM: transports food (sugars) up or down a plant

7. MESOPHYLL MESOPHYLL: area where photosynthesis takes place
Contains chloroplasts
Spongy and palisade layers
Allows plants to manufacture carbohydrates (food) using sunlight

8. OBTAINING ENERGY AUTOTROPH HETEROTROPH (“self-feeding”)
Have the ability to make its own food
(using energy from the sun)
EX: Plants
(“different feeding”)
Must obtain energy from feeding from other organisms
Cannot make its own food
EX: animals

9. PLANTS ARE EITHER VASCULAR NON-VASCULAR
Contain vascular tissue (xylem & phloem)
Most produce seeds
Do not have vascular tissue (no xylem or phloem)
Low-growing (to absorb water & nutrients from soil)
Moist habitats
EX: mosses & liverworts

10. VASCULAR PLANTS SEED PRODUCING NON-SEED PRODUCING
Reproduce by producing seeds
Do not produce seeds
Reproduce by spore

11. SEED-PRODUCING PLANTS
GYMNOSPERM
“naked seed”
Produce seeds in cones: referred to as CONIFERS
Pine trees, hemlock, fir, spruce, cedar
ANGIOSPERM
“ VESSEL SEED”
Produce seeds in flowers/fruit
Flowering plants, DECIDUOUS TREES (trees that shed leaves: oak, hickory, maple