1. Grade 9 Canadian Geography
Mr. Young Applied Class

2. Unit 7: Population Patterns
Chapter Focus
What is an Population Density & Population Growth?
Canada’s population and age distribution
How to draw a population pyramid
Examine the impact of migration on population

3. Population It’s important to study changes in population.
To see if there is an increase or decrease.
To understand why the population increasing or decreasing.

4. Population Population Density: To Calculate Population Density:
The number of people per square kilometre of an area.
To Calculate Population Density:
Number of People ÷ Area (in Square Kilometres)
people = 3.1 people / km²
km²

5. Countries In The World (Ranked by 2014 Population)
COUNTRY
POPULATION
(2014)
AREA (KM²)
DENSITY (People / KM²) 1
CHINA
145 2
INDIA
386 3
USA 34 4
INDONESIA
133 5
BRAZIL 24 6
PAKISTAN
233 7
NIGERIA
193
Source:

6. Countries In The World (Ranked by 2014 Population)
COUNTRY
POPULATION
(2014)
AREA (KM²)
DENSITY (People / KM²) 8
BANGLADESH
1 101 9
RUSSIA
(Largest Area) 10
JAPAN
336 37
CANADA 4
Source:

7. Countries In The World (Ranked by 2014 Population)
COUNTRY
POPULATION
(2014)
AREA (KM²)
DENSITY (People / KM²)
137
Western Sahara
(Lowest Density) 2
167
MACAU
(Highest Density & Lowest Area) 26
22 134
200
ANTIGUA & BARBUDA
(Lowest Population)
90 903
442
206
Source:

8. Canada’s Population

9. Canada’s Population Patterns
People mostly lived in cities where work was easier to find.
Canada has one of the largest land areas in the world but majority live in southern Canada.
Only 0.3% of Canadians live in Yukon, NWT & Nunavut.
Half of Canadians live in the Windsor-Quebec Corridor.

10. Population Growth Why is it important to know this data?
Canada has steadily grown since becoming a nation in 1867.
Statistic Canada estimated in 2003 that Canada’s population will be 35 million by 2021.
We reach 35 million in 2014.
They now predict 47.7 million people in Canada by 2036.
Why is it important to know this data?
How does it affect us?

11. Age Distribution
To organize the data, people placed in different age groups.
Male and Female
Infants (0 to 5)
Children (6 to 12)
Teens (13 to 17)
Adults (18 to 64)
Seniors (65+)

12. Different Ages The age of people affects population.
3 Important Stages:
Children (under age 15)
Working Adults (ages 15 to 64)
Older Adults (65 and up)

13. Population Pyramids
All the population and age data is put into a pyramid graph.

14. Population Pyramids
The stats/information can be graphed in more detail.

15. Population Pyramids
Why does this graph look different from a typical pyramid shape?

16. Dependency Load The people:
under the age of 15 and
over the age of 65.
These people are not part of the labour force (which means they do not work at a job)
These people depend on others for support.

17. Dependency Load
If a country’s dependency load is high, it place more stress on the working population.
For example:
People pay more taxes to meet health care needs of elderly and schooling need for the young.

18. Assignment: Part 1
Reading Population Pyramids
Complete the
handout.

19. Population Pyramids
So what does this graph tell us about the future?

20. Assignment: Part 2 Making Population Pyramids Complete the
Handout using
pp.97 & 98 of
your textbook.

21. Factors That Change Population

22. Factors That Change Population
Birth / Death

23. Factors That Change Population
Immigration / Emigration

24. Remember these formulas!
Rates & Percentages
WARNING!
MATH IS INVOLVED!
It is much easier to compare population stats & data with smaller numbers.
Remember these formulas!

25. Birth Rate
What matters is not the number of births but the relationship between the number of births and the size of the population.

26. Birth Rate
Calculates the number of births per year for every 1000 people.

27. Birth Rate To calculate a country’s birth rate:
Number of Births Per Year ÷ Population x 1000
e.g. Find Canada’s Birth Rate in 2013
Number of Births Per Year = 383,822
Canada’s 2013 Population = 35,158,300

28. Birth Rate To calculate a country’s birth rate:
Number of Births Per Year ÷ Population x 1000
e.g. Canada’s Birth Rate in 2013
383,822 ÷ 35,158,300 =
x 1000 =
Therefore, Canada’s birth rate is 10 per 1000 people
or 1%

29. Death Rate
Calculates the number of deaths per year for every 1000 people.

30. Death Rate To calculate a country’s death rate:
Number of Deaths Per Year ÷ Population x 1000
e.g. Find Canada’s Death Rate in 2013
Number of Deaths =
Canada’s 2013 Population = 35,158,300

31. Death Rate To calculate a country’s death rate:
Number of Deaths Per Year ÷ Population x 1000
e.g. Canada’s Death Rate in 2013
÷ 35,158,300 =
x 1000 =
Therefore, Canada’s death rate is 7 per 1000 people
or 0.7%

32. So… Now what?
So… we combine the birth rate and death rate to find the Natural Rate Increase
Birth Rate – Death Rate = Natural Increase Rate
e.g. Canada’s Natural Increase Rate in 2013
10/1000 – 7/1000 = 3/1000
Therefore, Canada’s natural increase rate is
3 per 1000 people or 0.3%

33. Natural Rate Increase
Natural Rate Increase can be negative if the death rate is greater than the birth rate.
Birth Rate – Death Rate = Natural Increase Rate
e.g. Italy’s Natural Increase Rate in 2014
8/1000 – 10/1000 = - 2/1000
Therefore, Italy’s natural increase rate is
- 2 per 1000 people or - 0.2%
Source:

34. Immigration vs Emigration
Another reason why population changes is when people move into a country (immigrate) and leave a country (emigrate).

35. Immigration & Emigration Rate
Calculating a country’s immigration and emigration rate is similar to calculating birth and death rates.
Number of Immigration Per Year ÷ Population x 1000
Number of Emigration Per Year ÷ Population x 1000

36. Immigration & Emigration Rate
Canada’s 2013 Immigration Rate:
7 per 1000 people or 0.7%
Canada’s 2013 Emigration Rate:
5 per 1000 people or 0.5%

37. Net Migration Rate
If we combine the two, we get the Net Migration Rate.
Immigration Rate – Emigration Rate = Net Migration Rate
e.g. 7/1000 – 5/1000 = 3/1000
or 3 per 1000 people
or 0.3%

38. Population Growth Rate
This is the key statistic we want!
Combining both the natural increase rate and net migration rate gives you the population growth rate.
Natural Increase Rate
+ Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate

39. Population Growth Rate
Canada’s 2013 Population Growth Rate:
Natural Increase Rate
+ Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate
3/ /1000 = 6/1000
or 6 persons per 1000 people
or 0.6%

40. Population Growth Rate
Italy’s 2014 Population Growth Rate:
Natural Increase Rate
+ Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate
-2/ /1000 = 2/1000
or 2 persons per 1000 people
or 0.2%

41. Population Growth Rate
Italy’s 2014 Population Growth Rate:
Natural Increase Rate
+ Net Migration Rate = Population Growth Rate
-2/ /1000 = 2/1000
or 2 persons per 1000 people
or 0.2%

42. Cultural Mosaic vs Melting Pot

43. Cultural Mosaic
The mix of ethnic groups, languages and cultures that coexist within society.

44. Melting Pot
A place where a variety of races, cultures, or individuals assimilate into a cohesive whole.

45. Cultural Mosaic vs Melting Pot
What is the difference?
Why is Canada considered a “Cultural Mosaic” and not a “Melting Pot”?
Why is this important to our country’s population?

46. Canada – A Cultural Mosaic
Canada prides itself at home and abroad as a country made up of a cultural mosaic rather than a cultural melting pot.
The mosaic is based on our belief that Canada as a whole becomes stronger by having immigrants bring with them their cultural diversity for all Canadians to learn from.
Quote By: Randy Levine & Gifty Serbeh-Dunn

47. Canada – A Cultural Mosaic
The cultural melting pot, as adopted in the United States, tells immigrants that no matter who they have been in the past, upon landing on American shores, they are Americans and are expected to adopt and follow the American way.
Quote By: Randy Levine & Gifty Serbeh-Dunn

48. Cultural Mosaic Pros People are more tolerant of other ethnics
People feel more welcomed
More recognition of minority groups
People are allowed to practice their own culture
More diverse view points

49. Cultural Mosaic Cons People are not very unified
Differences can increase “hate crimes”
Loss of or confusion of culture and identity of host country
i.e. What is considered for you to be Canadian?

50. Melting Pot Pro People are more unified
Especially in a time of crisis
Provide people with skills to succeed
Proud to assimilate into new environment

51. Melting Pot Cons People are less tolerant of other ethnics
Can increase hate crimes
People expected to shed their own culture
Can increase protests and violence

52. Cultural Mosaic vs Melting Pot
Do you believe Canada is a Cultural Mosaic? Or Melting Pot?