1. Spread of Industrialization

3. The Spread of Industrialization
Great Britain 1st and richest nation in the world
Industrialization spread at different times and speeds
Governments encouraged industrial growth
Helped pay for roads, railways, and canals
Belgium
German
France

4. U.S. Industrial Revolution
Occurred in 1st half of 19th century
30 million by 1860; 50% were farmers
More people living in cities
New railways and canals built to improve trade
Steam boats in the U.S.
Mississippi linked North and South

5. Social Impact of Industrialization

6. Population Growth and urbanization
Population almost doubled
Lower death rates; more food

7. Effects of Population Growth
Famine and Poverty
Irish Potato Famine = 1 million deaths
Immigrants migrate to the U.S
More people move to cities
London (1850) had million citizens
Led to terrible living conditions
Important Question:
What must be done to fix this?

8. New Social Classes Industrial Capitalism
An economic system based on industrial production
Created two new classes
Industrial Middle-Class
Industrial Working-Class

9. Industrial Middle-Class
Also called the Bourgeois
Who were they?
Factory owners, machine buyers, entrepreneurs
Description
Ambitious, visionaries, greedy

10. Industrial Working Class
Also called the Proletariat
Who were they?
Factory workers and miners
Major issues
Terrible working conditions
No minimum wage or regulations

11. Industrial Working conditions
Harsh mining conditions
Injury and death were realities
Child labor preferred

12. Cotton Mills had worst conditions
Children and women were 2/3 the work force
Factory Act of 1833
Minimum age of employment
Reduced work hours for children (eventually women)
Effect:
Men become “breadwinners”
Women expected to care for family

13. “Provided a child should be drowsy, the overlooker walks round the room…and he touches the child on the shoulder, and says, ‘Come here.’ In the corner of the room there is an iron cistern; it is filled with water…he takes this boy, and holding him up by the legs, dips him over head in the cistern, and sends him to work for the remainder of the day…”
-from a British Parliament report, quoted in The History of the Factory Movement, Vol I, 1857
Why might the British Parliament have examined the conditions of child factory workers?

16. Socialism Reaction against terrible living and working conditions
Society controls some means of production in economy
Factories and utilities

17. Rise of Socialism Socialist believed capitalism was to blame
Early socialism was “utopian”
Robert Owens created a successful cooperative community
Others were failures