1. Early Industrialization in Great Britain
The introduction of the Spinning Mule into cotton production processes helped to drastically increase industry consumption of cotton. This example is the only one in existence made by the inventor Samuel Crompton. It can be found in the collection of Bolton Museum and Archive Service.

2. Early Industrialization
19th c. ox powered double carding machine used in the manufacture of textiles.

3. Early Industrialization
Model of the spinning jenny in a museum in Wuppertal, Germany. The spinning jenny was one of the innovations that started the revolution.

4. Early Industrialization in England
Coalbrookdale by Night, 1801, Philipp Jakob Loutherbourg the Younger Blast furnaces light the iron making town of Coalbrookdale in England.

5. The Modern Industrial Era 1750-1900
Relationship with Nature: Ecosystem Currents
Ways of Living Techno-Economic Currents
Human Networks: Social Currents
Establishing Order: Political Currents
Human Expression: Cultural Currents

6. Ecosystem Currents, Modern Industrial Era

7. Ecosystem Currents, Modern Industrial Era

8. Modern Industrial Era, Daily Life
Shows the densely populated and polluted environments created in the new industrial cities Over London by Rail Gustave Doré c. 1870

9. Modern Industrial Era, Daily Life
Cottonopolis denotes a metropolis of cotton trading and cotton mills. It was inspired by Manchester, in England, and its status as the international centre of the cotton and textile processing industries during the 19th century.

10. Modern Industrial Era, Daily Life
The BASF-chemical factories in Ludwigshafen, Germany, 1881

11. Modern Industrial Era, Social Status
Le Bon Marche is the name of one of the best known department stores in Paris, France. It is regarded by most historians as the "first department store in the world.

13. Modern Industrial Era, Economy
L. Adam Smith was a Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. Smith is widely cited as the father of modern economics and capitalism and is still among the most influential thinkers in the field of economics today.
R. The first page of The Wealth of Nations, 1776 London edition

14. Modern Industrial Era, Economy
Providing raw materials (primary industries) for secondary industries (manufacturing). Men working their own coal mines. Early 1900s, USA

15. Modern Industrial Era, Technology
A cotton gin on display at the Eli Whitney Museum.

16. Modern Industrial Era, Technology
The Iron Bridge crosses the River Severn at the Ironbridge Gorge, by the village of Ironbridge, in Shropshire, England. It was the first arch bridge in the world to be made out of cast iron, a material which was previously far too expensive to use for large structures. However, a new blast furnace nearby lowered the cost and so encouraged local engineers and architects to solve a long-standing problem of a crossing over the river. Started 1775, completed 1779.

17. Modern Industrial Era, Technology
The Thames Tunnel, London, (opened 1843). Cement was used in the world's first underwater tunnel. The Thames Tunnel is an underwater tunnel, built beneath the River Thames in London.

18. Modern Industrial Era, Techno-logy
A loom from the 1890s with a dobby head.

19. Modern Industrial Era, Labor
TITLE: 488 Macon, Ga. Lewis W. Hine Bibb Mill No. 1 Many youngsters here. Some boys were so small they had to climb up on the spinning frame to mend the broken threads and put back the empty bobbins. Location: Macon, Georgia.

20. Modern Industrial Era, Labor
A young "drawer" pulling a coal tub along a mine gallery. In Britain laws passed in 1842 and 1844 improved working conditions in mines.

21. Modern Industrial Era, Labor
The Great Chartist Meeting on Kennington Common, 1848
Chartism was a working class movement for political reform in Britain between 1838 and It takes its name from the People's Charter of Chartism was the first mass working class labour movement in the world.

22. Modern Indus-trial Era, Labor
The Great Seal of the Knights of Labor, established 1869.

23. Modern Industrial Era, Family
Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of 18th-century Romanticism of French expression. His political philosophy influenced the French Revolution as well as the overall development of modern political, sociological and educational thought. He wrote on the family and education among other things.

24. Modern Industrial Era, Gender
British feminist Mary Wollstonecraft (c. 1797) by John Opie. She wrote a Vindication of the rights of Woman, 1792.

25. Modern Industrial Era, Gender
Elizabeth Cady Stanton (seated) with Susan B. Anthony

26. Modern Industrial Era, Status
Le Bon Marche, Paris, France, sometimes regarded as the first department store in the world.

27. Modern Industrial Era, Slavery

28. Modern Industrial Era, Slavery
Emancipation from Freedmen's viewpoint; illustration from Harper's Weekly 1865.

29. Modern Industrial Era, Slavery
A circa 1870 photograph of two children who were likely recently emancipated.

30. Modern Industrial Era, Education
Primary School in "open air". Teacher with class, from the outskirts of Bucharest,Hungary around 1842

31. Modern Industrial Era, Education
Well equipped one-room school (with benches, blackboard, books, globe, stove, piano) in rural Oklahoma (U.S.) early 20th century

32. Modern Industrial Era, Revolutions
The siege of Yorktown ended with the surrender of a second British army, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War and the establishment of the United States as an independent nation.

33. Modern Industrial Era, Revolu-tions
Napoleon Bonaparte Crossing the Alps (1800)

34. Modern Industrial Era, Revolu-tions

35. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
American Progress by John Gast, It is an allegorical representation of the modernization of the new west. Here Columbia, intended as a personification of the U.S., leads civilization westward with American settlers, stringing telegraph wire as she travels; she holds a school book. The different economic activities of the pioneers are highlighted and, especially, the changing forms of transportation. The Native Americans and wild animals flee her advance.

36. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
Native American pupils at Carlisle Indian School, in Pennsylvania, c An attempt to assimilate and “civilize” indigenous peoples.

37. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
First Indian National Congress, 1885

38. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
Gandhi on the Salt March, It was a campaign of nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly in colonial India.

39. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
A group of Filipino combatants are photographed just as they lay down their weapons prior to their surrender in the Philippine-American War ( ).

40. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
Cetshwayo kaMpande ( ) was the King of the Zulu Kingdom from 1872 to 1879 and their leader during the Anglo-Zulu War (1879).

41. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
The Suez Canal at Ismailia, Egypt, c The Ismailia segment was completed in November 1862.

42. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism

43. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
Congolese laborers who failed to meet rubber collection quotas imposed by the Belgians were often punished by having their hands cut off. About 10 million Congolese died during Belgian imperialism.

44. Modern Industrial Era, Imperialism
A Chinese opium house, photograph, circa 1900.

45. Modern Industrial Era, Interaction
The young Meiji emperor, Japan, 1872.

46. Modern Industrial Era, Ideologies
An 1871 caricature following publication of The Descent of Man was typical of many showing Darwin with an ape body, identifying him in popular culture as the leading author of evolutionary theory.