1. Introduction to Anatomy/Physiology
Adrienne Deckard

2. The Study of Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: morphology and organization
Physiology: function; emphasis on mechanisms

3. Levels of Organization
Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecules
Atoms
WHAT’S THE PURPOSE?

4. Homeostasis “homeo” = same “stasis” = standing
Internal environment of cells must maintain a constant temperature, pressure, and chemical composition
External environment is constantly changing

5. Homeostatic Control Mechanisms
Device for restoring/maintaining homeostasis
Involves all of the body’s organ systems
Increase in
Breathing rate
to remove
excess CO2
Increase in CO2
production
(waste product)
Exercise

6. Feedback Control Loop Complex integrated control system
Required by homeostatic control mechanisms to accomplish self-regulation
3 Components:
Sensor
Integration (Control) Center
Effector

7. Feedback Control Loop Stimulus Detected by Action by SENSOR EFFECTOR
Processed by
INTEGRATION
CENTER

8. Dynamic Constancy
Conditions are stabilized above and below the set point
Set point is analogous to the number you set a thermostat to
Range is the normal deviation from that set point

9. SET POINT
RANGE

10. Negative Feedback Control
Inhibitory
Produces an action opposite of the change
Stabilizes the internal environment
Ex. Temperature control

11. Positive Feedback Control
Stimulatory
Reinforces change to internal environment
Few examples in the body
Childbirth, blood clotting
What would happen if your
temperature maintenance
was on a positive feedback
control loop?

12. HOMEOSTASIS LAB

13. Anatomical Position Provides a common point of reference Upright
Feet flat and parallel
Head level and eyes forward
Arms to sides
Palms facing and thumbs up

14. Directional Terminology
It’s all RELATIVE; one landmark is _____ to another.
Superior
Inferior
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
Lateral
Proximal
Distal
Superficial
Deep
Deckard Says

15. Planes and Sections Plane: imaginary border slicing through a specimen
Section: actual slice of specimen cut along a plane

16. Types of Planes/Sections
Sagittal
Divides into right and left parts
Midsagittal
Divides down center into right and left halves

17. Types of Planes/Sections
Transverse/Horizontal
Divides into top and bottom parts
Frontal/Coronal
Divides into front and back parts

18. Types of Planes/Sections
Oblique
Divides at an angle
Gummi Bear Sections Lab

19. Body Regions P. 16-17 Abdominal - Vertebral Deckard Says
Body Regions Barbie
Pin the Tail on the Body Regions

20. Body Cavities Cranial Cav. Vertebral Cav. Thoracic Cav. Pleural Cav.
Pericardial Cav.
Diaphragm
4. Abdominopelvic Cav.
Abdominal Cav.
Pelvic Cav.
What organs are found in each cavity?

21. FETAL PIG DISSECTION Respect of Specimen Dissection Technique
Directional Terminology
Planes/Sections
Body Regions
Body Cavities