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Introduction to Health Science
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Primitive Times Believed that illness was caused by supernatural spirits and demons Tribal witch doctors performed ceremonies to drive out evil spirits Herbs and plants used as medicine
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Ancient Egyptians Earliest people to keep health records
Identified diseases Used medicine to heal disease Splinted fractures Used bloodletting
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Ancient Chinese First to use acupuncture therapies
Treated disease with stone tools
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Ancient Greeks Studied causes of disease Hippocrates
The “Father of Medicine” Hippocratic Oath “Code of Ethics” Aristotle Dissected animals
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Ancient Romans First to organize medical care Early hospitals in homes
Developed sanitation system Claudius Galen ( AD): Dissection is key to understanding body Could only dissect animals Used pulse as a diagnostic tool
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Dark and Middle Ages (400 - 1400 AD)
Study of medicine stopped for over 1000 years Medicine practiced in monasteries and convents Used Herbal Medicine
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Plagues and Epidemics during the dark ages
Bubonic Plague
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Even today the plague is still remembered...
“Ring around the rosies, Pocket full of posies, Ashes, Ashes, we all fall down!”
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The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) Rebirth of Science Medical schools
Study of the body by dissection
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The Renaissance (1400 - 1650 AD) Leonardo da Vinci
Studied and recorded the anatomy of the body
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Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance
The Renaissance ( AD) The invention of the printing press made books available to study. Monks copying books in a Monastery prior to the Renaissance
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Pumping heart and circulation
16th and 17th Century William Harvey Pumping heart and circulation
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Invented the microscope
16th and 17th Century Anton van Leeuwenhoek Invented the microscope
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18th Century Benjamin Franklin
Invented bifocals because he had trouble seeing Electricity Many more inventions
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18th Century Edward Jenner Vaccination for smallpox
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19th Century Ignas Semmelweiss Cause of childhood fever
Instituted hand washing Died from a cut he received during an autopsy
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Invented the stethoscope
19th Century Rene Laennec Invented the stethoscope
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19th Century Florence Nightingale First school of nursing
Started during the Crimean War Made nursing an honorable profession
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19th Century Clara Barton Established the American Red Cross
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Microorganisms cause disease
19th Century Louis Pasteur Microorganisms cause disease
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19th Century Joseph Lister
The first doctor to use antiseptic during an operation to prevent infection
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The “Father of Microbiology”
19th Century Robert Koch The “Father of Microbiology”
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19th Century Wilhelm Roentgen Discovered x-rays
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20th Century Sigmund Freud
His studies were the basis of psychology and psychiatry
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20th Century Alexander Fleming Discovered Penicillin
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20th Century Jonas Salk Discovered a “killed” polio virus vaccine
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20th Century Albert Sabin Used a “live” polio vaccine
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21st Century New approaches to medical care are being discovered every year
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People are taught more about wellness, and learn more about health care
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