1. BC : Primitive Times
Believed illness & disease caused by evil spirits, demons, & gods
Trepanning used to treat insanity, epilepsy & H/A
Life span 20 years

2. Evidence of Trepanning note the bone is healed the client survived

3. 3000 BC-300 BC: Ancient Egyptians
Keep health records
Physicians were priest
Treated with blood letting and leeches
Believed clogged body channels caused illness
Air
Ears
Blood
Urine

4. Relate those systems to 20th Century
Air:
Respiratory
Ears
Central Nervous System
Blood
Cardiovascular : Circulatory System
Urine
Urinary System

5. 1700 BC- 220 AD: Ancient Chinese
Dissections prohibited by religion
Believed in treating the whole person
Recorded medicines (herbs & teas)
Acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion
Began to search for the cause of disease

6. Acupuncture

7. 1200 BC – 200 AD: Ancient Greeks
Started to observe the human body and effects of disease
Hippocrates: FATHER OF MEDICINE
Hippocratic Oath
Believed illness is a result of natural causes
Stressed diet & cleanliness as ways to prevent disease
Life span years

8. 410 AD- 753 AD: Ancient Romans Organized Medical care
Early hospitals for soldiers
Began public health & sanitation systems
Built sewers, filtering systems for public baths to prevent disease
Used the scientific method to prevent Malaria

9. 400 AD-800 AD: Dark Ages Study of medicine prohibited
Prayers and divine intervention used as treatment
Monks and priests provided care
No one was to practice medicine including wise woman
Life span years

10. The Middle Ages: A time of travel, discovering new lands, new cultures and sharing of DISEASES

11. 800 AD-1400 AD: Middle Ages
Renewed interest in medical practices of the Greeks and Romans
Bubonic Plague (black death) killed ¾ of the population of Europe and Asia
47 million people in 10 years
transmitted by the fleas on rats through land and sea travel

12. Middle Ages
Major disease smallpox, diphtheria, tuberculosis, typhoid, malaria
Life span years
Arab world
Physicians practicing medicine
Diagnosis on S &S
Suggested blood carried infection
Cat gut for suture materials

13. 1350 Ad-1650 AD: Renaissance Rebirth of science of medicine
Dissection of body started to be allowed to understand anatomy and physiology
Michelangelo and Leonardo Da Vinci used dissection to draw human body more realistically
Medical books on circulation, respiratory, digestion system
Life span 30-40

14. 16th-17th Centuries
William Harvey described the circulation of blood to and from the heart
Microscope invented in 1666
Scientific societies were established
Apothecaries (early pharmacists) made, prescribed and sold medicines
Life span 35-45

15. 18th Century
Gabriel Fahrenheit developed the first mercury thermometer
Surgical procedure standardized
Lime juice used to prevent scurvy
Edward Jenner (1796) developed a vaccination for smallpox

16. 19th Century First successful blood transfusion
Ether used as an anesthetic
Louis Pasteur proved microorganisms caused disease
Vaccine for rabies

17. 19th Century continued
Florence Nightingale: founder of modern nursing, professional education for nurses
Tuberculosis bacteria identified
Public nursing started
X-rays developed in 1895
Life span 40-50

18. When Nightingale arrived in Crimean War 1854-56

19. The Hospitals she created

20. 20th Century Carl Landsteiner classified blood groups
Sigmund Freud psychotherapy
1923 Banting & Best develop insulin at University of Toronto
1932 Penicillin discovered
1944 Kidney dialysis
1952 Polio Vaccine
1953 First Heart & Lung machine for open heart surgery

21. 20th Century continued 1968 First Heart Transplant
1981 Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) identified first called GAIDS
1984 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) identified as causing AIDS
1990 First gene therapy to treat disease
1997 Dolly the sheep an exact replica of her mother
Life Span years

22. 21st Century
Your challenge find three things that have impacted Health Care in the 21st century