1. Body Membranes Epidermis of Skin
Chapter 4 Review 1

2. Review Questions MUCOUS MEMBRANE
Which moist epithelial membrane lines body cavities that open to the exterior?
MUCOUS MEMBRANE

3. Review Questions VISCERAL PERICARDIUM
What would the innermost serous membrane covering the outside of the heart be called?
VISCERAL
PERICARDIUM

4. Review Questions LUBRICATION BETWEEN SEROUS MEMBRANES
What is the function of serous fluid?
LUBRICATION BETWEEN
SEROUS MEMBRANES

5. What is the only connective tissue membrane?
Review Questions
What is the only connective tissue membrane?
SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

6. Where are synovial membranes found?
Review Questions
Where are synovial membranes found?
JOINT CAVITIES

7. Review Questions INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Which system is made up of the skin, nails, associated glands, and hair?
INTEGUMENTARY
SYSTEM

8. Review Questions KERATIN
Which protein exists on the skin to prevent your body from absorbing water like a sponge when submerged (i.e. swimming, bathing)?
KERATIN

9. Which type of tissue makes up the epidermis? Be specific!
Review Questions
Which type of tissue makes up the epidermis? Be specific!
STRATIFIED
SQUAMOUS
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
(KERATINIZED!)

10. What are the two main layers of the skin?
Review Questions
What are the two main layers of the skin?
EPIDERMIS
DERMIS

11. Name three functions of the skin.
Review Questions
Name three functions of the skin.
There are a lot…
we will look at them in
a second 

12. Functions of Integument
Insulates and cushions
Protects from mechanical damage, chemical damage, thermal damage, ultraviolet radiation, bacteria
Keratin – prevents water loss from body surface
Capillary network and sweat glands regulate heat loss (thermoregulation); blood reservoir
Mini-excretory system: urea, salts, water lost when sweat
Manufactures proteins important to immunity and synthesizes vitamin D
Sensory receptors part of nervous system located here – touch, pressure, temperature, pain – provide info about external environment

13. 4 types of cells Keratinocytes: 90% Langerhans cells Merkel cells
produce keratin and lamellar granules
Langerhans cells
mount immune response
Scattered throughout
epidermis
Merkel cells
contact sensory neurons
(epidermal/dermal junction)
Melanocytes: 8%
produce pigments to absorb
UV radiation (stratum basale)

14. Review Questions
Place the layers of the epidermis in order from most superficial to deepest layer.
1. stratum basale
2. stratum corneum
3. stratum spinosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum granulosum
2, 4, 5, 3, 1

15. Stratum basale (stratum germinativum):
produce new keratinocytes/
tonofilaments for attachment
*melanocytes found here

16. Stratum spinosum:
tonofilaments for strength and stability

17. Stratum granulosum:
flattened dying cells- release
keratin and lamellar granules

18. Stratum lucidum:
only in thick layers (i.e. palms of hands
& soles of feet)
flattened dead cells

19. Stratum corneum:
flattened, dead, continually shed
¾ of epidermal thickness
Durable, protects deeper cells from
environment and water loss; resists
biological, chemical, physical damage

20. Review Questions
Place the following events of keratinization and epidermal growth in order of occurrence:
1. Dead cells are shed
2. Stratum basale cells divide
3. Tonofilaments are converted to keratin by keratohyalin
4. New cells push toward the surface
5. Cells reach stratum granulosum and undergo apoptosis
2, 4, 5, 3, 1

21. Review Questions STRATUM BASALE
Which layer of the epidermis must be damaged in order to warrant a skin graft?
STRATUM
BASALE

22. What type of cell is malfunctioning when psoriasis occurs?
Review Questions
What type of cell is malfunctioning when psoriasis occurs?
KERATINOCYTE