1. Native Americans…
Before Europeans

2. At the time of Spanish arrival (1492)
New World Cultures
At the time of Spanish arrival (1492)

3. New World Cultures
Mayas
Kukulkan Pyramid - Chichen Itza

4. New World Cultures Aztecs Ziggurats Pictographs (Writing System)
Calendars

5. New World Cultures
Aztecs

6. Human Sacrifices! New World Cultures
Believed in many Gods = POLYTHEISTIC
Human Sacrifices!

7. New World Cultures Aztecs
The Aztec capital of Tenochitlan was very swampy = VERY DIFFICULT TO FARM

8. New World Cultures
The Aztec built Chinampas, or floating gardens to adapt.

9. New World Cultures
Inca Empire
Amazon Rainforest
Andes Mountains

10. New World Cultures
Inca Empire
“All roads lead to… Cuzco?

11. Inca achievements everywhere!
New World Cultures
Inca Empire
Inca achievements everywhere!

12. Inca achievements everywhere!

13. Inca Empire (religion)
New World Cultures
Inca Empire (religion)
Ancestor worship was a central part of Incan theology.  The souls of the dead played a protective role in the lives of their descendants.  The bodies of ancestors were mummified and entombed.

14. New World Cultures Inca Empire
The Incas lived in the Andes Mountains. In order to farm they developed Terrace, or Step farming.
Despite all of these achievements, the Incas did not having a system of writing.

15. Japan
Geography: mountainous – adapted to their geography by terrace farming

16. 1. In Latin America, the Maya and the Aztec civilizations were similar in that they
showed little evidence of urbanization
lacked a strong central government
developed complex mathematical and calendar systems
used military weapons superior to those of Europeans

17. “The challenges of the Andes helped the Incas develop a thriving civilization.” 2. Based on this statement, what does the author believe?
Language and religion are important to national unity.
Cultural diversity flourishes in areas of agricultural prosperity.
People can overcome the limitations of their environment.
Natural resources are necessary for economic independence.

18. 3. The civilizations of the Aztecs, Incas, and Mayas were similar in that all
spoke the same language
followed a monotheistic religion
built cities and complex governments
used a complex system of writing

19. 4. The Incas, the Romans, and the Mongols were similar in that each
developed systems of writing
extended control over neighboring peoples
established industrial economies
adopted democratic political systems

20. 5. An effect of a mountainous topography on Inca and Chinese civilizations was the development of
industrialization
single-crop economy
desalinization projects
terrace farming

21. 6. The Aztec use of the calendar and the Maya writing system both illustrate that pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas
traded extensively with Africa
flourished prior to European contact
declined because of invasion and disease
converted others to Islam

22. Encomienda System