1. Intro to Biotechnology CLOSE Read
Read the text and answer the analysis questions
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Annotate
Comment
Ask questions
Define vocabulary

2. Do Now What does the term biotechnology mean to you?
If you could clone (make a copy) of any LIVING thing – what would you clone? Why?
If you could pick your baby’s characteristics, would you? Do you think it would be ethical to do so?
What are stem cells? Where do they come from?

3. What is Biotechnology? Bio = life
Technology = the application of scientific knowledge for some type of purpose or useful outcome
In other words, the practice of biotechnology deals with the manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce a useful product
There are several applications of biotechnology:
Cloning
Gene therapy
Human genome project
Transgenic organisms
Stem cell research

5. Intro to Biotechnology Stations
Fill in your notes!
We will do the video questions as a class

6. Biotechnology

7. Human Genome Project

8. Gene Therapy

9. Stem Cell Research

10. Cloning

11. Transgenic Organisms

12. Do Now What is biotechnology? What is the human genome project?
How might this project pose negative consequences? Positive?
What is gene therapy?
How could gene therapy be beneficial to medical sciences?

13. The Human Genome Project
DVD: “DNA: the secret of life” chapter 7
Animation from Teachers Domain
“How to Sequence the Human Genome” from

14. 1. What was the Human Genome Project (HGP)?
A worldwide effort to identify and sequence every gene of the human genome.
The outcome was a map of all human chromosomes with every gene’s DNA sequence and every human trait.

15. 2. Why was the HGP established?
To provide genetic information (a database) to use to help cure/treat/prevent genetic diseases (ie. Gene therapy).

16. Ethical Issues in Genomics --- Group Discussions!
Pick a READER to read the issue sheet aloud.
Pick a MANAGER to facilitate and lead the discussion of the questions.
When your group has finished, place the discussion sheets to the front lab table and return to your seat ☺

17. 1. What is gene therapy?
A technique involving inserting a normal/correct or healthy gene into a cell to replace a faulty/defective gene.
Replace “bad” genes with “good” genes!

18. THE BIG PICTURE: How does Gene Therapy Work? (just listen)
If a person’s gene is defective (has a mutation) or is missing, then a problem results.
To fix this problem, if scientists can identify the gene (using information from the Human Genome Project), then they can inject a copy of the working gene into the patient using a virus.
The viruses infect cells and inject the gene.
Now the person has good copies of the gene and will start producing working proteins (hormones, enzymes, etc).

19. 2. How does Gene Therapy Work?
Use a virus to deliver the correct version of the gene to the cell.
Then the cell has the correct version of the gene.
The gene will then be used to make the correct protein for the individual.

20. 3. What are Viruses? A tool for gene therapy
Viruses are non-living things with genes inside.
They inject DNA into a cell.
The virus serves as a vector. A vector is a vehicle for moving genes.

21. 4. What are two disorders that involve defective genes and could possibly be treated by gene therapy?
Cystic Fibrosis – buildup of sticky mucus in the lungs
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome (SCIDs) – autoimmune disorder that weakens the immune system

22. 5. What are BENEFITS of Gene Therapy?
Helps cure/treat diseases at the genetic level.

23. 6. What are CONCERNS of Gene Therapy?
Viruses may not insert the gene into the DNA properly.
The technology is expensive and only accessible to the rich.
“Playing God”

24. Gene Therapy Reading CLOSE READ “Healing Through Gene Therapy”
Answer the questions.
Turn this in.

25. More Gene Therapy Videos!
How does Gene Therapy Work? How does Gene Therapy Work? (2:27)
Alzheimer’s Disease (PBS) (2:49)
Finding Cures is Hard (PBS) (8:08)

26. Stem Cells Ted Talks- Stem Cells (15 Min) Nova Stem Cells- Ethics
Nova Stem Cell Breakthrough- Making Stem Cells

27. STEM CELLS: Making a new Heart?!
Stem Cells- New Heart

28. STEM CELLS… What do you remember?

29. What are STEM CELLS? Unspecialized and Undifferentiated cells
Do not have a specific job/function/role in the body yet.
Self-renewing
Have the ability to become almost ANY cell in the body

30. What are the TWO MAIN TYPES of stem cells?
EMBRYONIC stem cells (ESC)
ADULT stem cells (ASC)

31. Embryonic Stem Cells
Are the cells that form/come from the embryo (fertilized egg) and are essential in the development of life.

33. Embryonic Stem Cells
Have the potential/ability to become a wide variety of cells in the body
Most useful in stem cell research
Most controversial…why?

34. Adult Stem Cells (ASC)
Cells that are present throughout life (found in bone marrow and a few other places) that help to generate new cells throughout life
Are less unspecialized and have the potential to become a few different types of cells
Less controversial for research…why?

36. Multipotent Stem Cells
Embryonic Stem Cells
Can become ANY cell of the body; come from embryos
Can become a limited variety of different cells
Adult Stem Cell
Multipotent Stem Cells

39. What are the USES/BENEFITS of stem cell research?
Potential for curing genetic diseases like SCIDs and Cystic Fibrosis
Used to replace worn out or damaged organs and tissues (like spinal cord injuries)
More useful to researchers because easier to manipulate. (greater potential)
However, ASC are more easily attainable

40. What are CONCERNS of stem cell research?
ESC destroys embryos and thus prevents a potential life)
Potential to cause disease (like cancer if cells are programmed incorrectly)

41. Say Something about HeLa Cells
Partners
Before you start reading:
Chunk/divide the text into sections.
Read one chunk at a time (silent or aloud)
One person at a time, use the “say something” prompts to make a comment about the text.
Go to next chunk and repeat.

42. Henrietta Lacks
Henrietta Lacks was just 30 years old when she discovered a lump on her cervix while in her bathtub at home.
A private-care doctor referred her to Johns Hopkins Hospital for further testing and she was diagnosed with cancer in January Lacks, the wife of a steelworker and a mother of five, was treated with radiation and sent home, but she was hospitalized the following August. She died at the age of 31 two months later.

43. HeLa Cells – Henrietta’s Legacy
But that’s not where her story ends.
Without her knowledge or permission, doctors harvested samples of Lacks’ cervical tissue during her treatments and discovered her cancerous cells were not like any other they’d seen — they were able to duplicate in labs and stay alive. This meant that the same sample of tissue could be tested multiple times for research, making her cell line immortal.
Research using Lacks’ cells helped spur numerous medical breakthroughs, include vaccines, cancer treatments and in vitro fertilization. But, for decades, her family was kept in the dark about her second life — and were never compensated for her contributions.

44. Stem Cells: Seeds of Hope
What does Dr Snyder mean when he says stem cells are "flexible and plastic?"
In this video what evidence convinces you that stem cells can be used to cure spinal cord injury?
Dr Snyder points out that there are ethical concerns, and that there is no single answer that will please everyone. Who do you think should be the ones to decide where to obtain stem cells for medical research?

45. Videos – Google search for…
Stem Cells: Seeds of Hope
NOVA scienceNOW: Stem Cells Breakthrough (fast forward to 25:55)
Watch the videos on ONE COMPUTER in your groups and then TOGETHER discuss and answer the questions on your paper.
Be prepared for a whole class discussion afterwards.

46. Cloning…what is it?
Let’s view a video to get some details

47. 1. What is Cloning?
Creating a new and identical organism using biotechnology (making an exact copy!)
Cloning produces offspring that is genetically identical to the parent organism

48. 2. What are the STEPS to create a CLONE?
An egg is taken from a donor cell and the nucleus is removed.
The egg cell is fused with a cell from another adult (this contains the desired nucleus/DNA to be cloned).
After they fuse, the cell begins to divide until an embryo.
The embryo is placed into a female surrogate (foster mother)
The embryo grows and develops until it is born; it is genetically identical to the donor nucleus.

49. 3. What are the BENEFITS/USES of cloning?
Help endangered species recover
Produce organisms with medical benefits (like creating donor organs)
Creating tissues for transplants and for curing diseases

50. 4. What is the CONCERN of cloning?
Fear of cloning humans. (is it ethical?)
“Playing God” (just because we can, should we?)

51. 5. Who is DOLLY? What happened to her?
Dolly is was a sheep and was the first cloned animal from an adult cell.
All clones before her had come from an embryo.
Dolly suffered from many health issues and died at an early age.

53. How Was Dolly Cloned? Did you get it?
Answer Questions 1-6 A B C

54. Human Cloning
Video (2:54)
Answer questions 1-5 while you watch

55. Genetic Engineering, Recombinant DNA, Transgenic Organisms
Complete the Vocabulary Section on your own.
We will fill in the notes together.

56. Recap…What is RECOMBINANT DNA?
Combined DNA from 2 different organisms (often a plasmid)

57. What is a TRANSGENIC ORGANISM?
It is an organism that has had genes transferred (or moved into) to it from a different organism.
Transgenic organisms are made from recombinant DNA.
Also known as recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, genetically modified organisms, genetically modified crops

58. What is a GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD/ORGANISM (GMO)?
This means it contains recombinant DNA!
It is a crop organism that has had been genetically altered or changed

59. Examples of GMOs 1. Transgenic microorganisms (bacteria)
Can be used to make human growth hormone, insulin, and clean up the environment
2. Transgenic plants
Can be made pest resistant, frost resistant, spoil resistant, larger, and contain added nutrients
3. Transgenic animals
Cows and chickens can produce more meat which increases the food supply

61. WARNING!!
WalMart is now selling corn on the cob that has been genetically modified. It has a bacterial gene that kills corn pests by dissolving their stomachs (the pest bleeds to death). The corn crop is stronger…but no one knows how much corn is now safe to eat before your stomach starts to dissolve.

62. What are the steps to create a transgenic organism?
Isolate & cut out the good gene you want
What do you use to cut out the gene?
RESTRICTION ENZYME
Remove a plasmid from a bacterial cell
What is a plasmid?
CIRCULAR PIECE OF BACTERIAL DNA
3. Splice (attach) the human DNA to the plasmid
4. Insert the recombinant plasmid back into the bacteria
5. Let the bacteria divide, making more copies of the human gene

64. What are some USES for transgenic organisms and GMOs?
Improve human health → scientists can use transgenic bacteria to produce large amounts of human proteins such as human growth hormone and insulin. What type of people are helped by this application of genetic engineering? Diabetics
Improve food production → crops can be genetically engineered to grow larger and faster, resist disease, and resist drought or frost.

65. What are some CONCERNS about GMOs?
May spread diseases or carry toxins
May contribute to allergies
Spread unwanted genes into the environment

66. Ted-Ed: What are the Pros and Cons of GMOs?

67. Practice Complete the back side of the sheet.
When you FINISH, check your work at the SSS
Ask if you don’t understand something!

68. Video: Bt Corn
While you watch, consider/answer the 3 questions on your paper.

69. Video: Super Salmon PBS Learning Media
As you watch, consider/answer the 4 questions on your paper

70. Modeling Cut out the 8 squares/pictures.
Correctly place them into the chart to sequence the events of genetically engineering insulin.
Glue them down.

71. A Closer Look at RESTRICTION ENZYMES

76. Genetic Modifications Simulation in Sweet Potatoes

77. A Biotechnology Tool that ________________ DNA according to _________
Gel Electrophoresis
Annotate!
A Biotechnology Tool that ________________ DNA according to _________

78. End Result of Using Gel Electrophoresis is a DNA FINGERPRINT
Annotate!
Uses for DNA Fingerprints
(and the gel electrophoresis process):
Identify a victim, person, or suspect in a crime
Determine the paternity of a child
Identify and catalogue endangered, new, or extinct species
Determine evolutionary relationships of species

79. Gel Electrophoresis Simulation

80. How to Analyze a DNA Fingerprint
DNA Fingerprints can be used to match crime scene DNA to suspects.
For this type of analysis, the DNA must be an exact match.
Which suspect was at the crime scene?

81. How to Analyze a DNA Fingerprint
DNA Fingerprints can be used to determine paternity of a child.
Each DNA band in the child must match up to either the Mom or the Dad.
Which male is the father of this child?

82. How to Analyze a DNA Fingerprint
DNA Fingerprints can be used to identify unknown species or compare how related 2 species are.
For this type of analysis, find the species with the most similarities.
Which two species are most closely related?

83. Gel Electrophoresis
Everyone’s DNA cuts apart into DIFFERENT size pieces, because everyone has a DIFFERENT sequence of nitrogen bases (ATCG)
1. Take a DNA sample and cut it apart using a RESTRICTION ENZYME
Smaller DNA pieces will move FARTHER & larger DNA will move LESS
3. Run electrical current through GEL…DNA will move to POSITIVE end because DNA is NEGATIVELY charged
2. Inject DNA fragments into
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS

84. Flower Forensics – Lab Groups
Listen carefully for your lab table/group assignment.

85. Add notes using a DIFFERENT colored pencil or pen.
Annotate this page with things you KNOW using a colored pencil or pen.

87. GMO Close Read
Read for HW

88. Take a Stand! Each group will be given a reference article to use.
You will be assigned to 1 of 6 groups to make a list of the “pros” and “cons” of one of these topics:
Stem Cell Research
Therapeutic Cloning
Human Cloning
GMOs
Human Genome Project
Gene Therapy
Each group will be given a reference article to use.
As a group, generate a concise yet thorough list of 3-4 reasons for and against each type of biotechnology → fill in your chart!

89. Pro / Con Groups
You will be given about 10 minutes at your station to complete your pro/con chart. DO NOT WRITE ON THE READING/INFO SHEETS!
Then your group will rotate to the next station and do the same thing.
I will tell you when to rotate.
Ready?

90. Class Posters Listen carefully for grouping instructions.
Decide on 2-4 of the “best” reasons FOR and AGAINST the use of your biotechnology tool.
Neatly write these on your poster.

91. Class Posters – Gallery Crawl
You will have 4 minutes at each poster to read and review the Pros/Cons of the other topics.
Record these on your own notes/paper!