1. Drug awareness campaign 2016

2. What is a drug?
A drug is simply is any chemical that affects the way your body works.

3. What is dependence?
Drug dependence is when it difficult is for a person to stop taking a drug. These factors are:
Psychological dependence: when the person craves the drug
Physical dependence: when the person’s body depends on the drug in order to function properly

4. What is addiction?
It happens when a person uses a substance or engages in an activity (such as gambling) that can be pleasurable cannot stop and this affects ordinary life responsibilities, such as work or relationships, even health.
Users may not be aware that their behavior is out of control and causing problems for themselves and others.

5. What are withdrawal symptoms?
What is tolerance?
It is when the person needs more of the drug to achieve the same effects.
What are withdrawal symptoms?
These are the symptoms felt by a drug user when he or she stops using the drug for any reason.

6. classification of drugs
Analgesics
CNS depressants
CNS stimulants
Hallucinogens

7. Analgesics (pain killers)
Mild analgesics, such as aspirin or paracetemol, are relatively harmless.
Analgesic drugs of abuse are far stronger than this and are all powerful pain killers.
Opium: Opium can be smoked, injected, or taken in pill form.
Morphine: The drug has many important medical uses, all having to do with pain control; help speed recovery from operations, ease the pain and trauma of childbirth, and give dying people relief from incurable pain.

8. Heroin It maybe injected, snorted or smoked.
Signs of heroin addiction include:
Constricted pupils, Vomiting, Constipation, Poor hygiene, shallow breathing, sleepiness
Depression, apathy, lethargy, weight loss, dry mouth, cloudy mental functioning,
Injection track marks, Infections (at injection site)
Sudden changes in behavior or performance, loss of old, established friendships
Itching and scratching (itchy blood)
menstrual cycle stops

9. What adverse effects does heroin have on health?
spontaneous abortion
when the drug in injected; infectious diseases, including HIV/AIDS and hepatitis maybe contracted
collapsed veins, infection of the heart lining and valves
Abscesses
liver or kidney disease
Street heroin often contains toxic contaminants or additives (sugar, starch or powdered milk) which can clog blood vessels leading to the lungs, liver, kidneys, or brain, causing permanent damage to vital organs, or fatal overdose.

10. Withdrawal symptoms may begin as early as a few hours after the last drug dose include:
Restlessness, insomnia
muscle and bone pain, kicking movements
diarrhea and vomiting
cold flashes with goose bumps (“cold turkey”)
severe craving for the drug during withdrawal (can persist years after drug cessation)
Major withdrawal symptoms peak between 48 and 72 hours after the last dose, and typically subside after about 1 week.
sudden withdrawal by heavily dependent users who are in poor health is sometimes fatal.

11. stimulant drugs stimulate the Central Nervous System
These substances tend to increase alertness and physical activity.
They include amphetamines, caffeine and cocaine.
Caffeine (present in tea, coffee and many soft drinks) is also a mild stimulant drug.
Cocaine's low cost, availability and (false) reputation as a non- addictive drug has led to widespread use among young people.

12. cocaine
It is sold on the street as a fine, white crystalline powder, soluble in water, known by slang names such as "coke”, which is sniffed through a rolled-up bank note or any other similar type of tube.
Experiments with animals have suggested that cocaine is perhaps the most powerful drug of all in producing psychological dependence.

13. What are the effects of cocaine?
The brain activity speeds up, as does heart rate and breathing rate as well as blood pressure
an overworked heart and high blood pressure result in; chest pain, muscle spasms, nausea, blurred vision, fever
inhibits appetite and the desire for sleep.
anxiety or panic attacks

14. methamphetamine
Maybe taken orally, smoked, snorted, or dissolved in water or alcohol and injected.
Because the pleasure also fades quickly, users often take repeated doses, in a “binge and crash” pattern.
Symptoms of long term use:
anxiety, confusion, insomnia, and mood disturbances and display violent behavior
symptoms of psychosis, such as paranoia
visual and auditory hallucinations
delusions (for example, the sensation of insects crawling under the skin)

15. depressants slow down or depress the Central Nervous System
Barbiturates are also known as sedative (calm people down)/hypnotics (assist sleep)
They slow down many areas of the brain. Dependence (or addiction) to barbiturates can occur within a very short time
The margin of safety between an effective dose and a lethal dose is very narrow.

16. Alcohol By slowing down certain areas of the brain it causes:
slurred speech, distorted vision, loss of balance and limb control.
Alcohol drinkers may develop a physical or psychological dependence on alcohol.
Drinking while pregnant causes miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, or babies with delayed mental and physical development.
Withdrawal symptoms:
Jumpiness, sleeplessness, sweating and poor appetite
tremors (the "shakes") and convulsions, hallucinations
Deaths from suicide, accident and cirrhosis of the liver

17. Cannabis
It is available for use as leaves (grass, marijuana), solid resin (hash, hashish), thick liquid(hash oil)
It is most commonly smoked, usually by mixing it with tobacco and rolling it up (called a 'joint').
it can also be smoked with or without tobacco in various forms of pipes or smoking devices such as 'bongs' or 'water pipes'
Cannabis can also be taken orally, either eaten direct or mixed with food preparations, such as cakes, biscuits (hence 'hash cookies') or hot drinks.

18. What effects does it have? (effects last from 1 to 3 hours)
effects depend upon the amount used, its potency, the circumstances and the expectations/mood of the user. Effects include:
Talkativeness, cheerfulness, relaxation
faster heartbeat and pulse rate
bloodshot eyes, dry mouth and throat
impaired or reduced short-term memory, altered sense of time and reduced ability to do things that require concentration, quick reactions and/or effective co-ordination
High doses can cause hallucinations.

19. hallucinogens
Hallucinogens are drugs that affect a person's perception of sights, sounds, touch, smell etc.
A few hallucinogens come from natural sources, such as magic mushrooms.
Others, such as LSD, MDA and Ecstasy (MDMA) are either entirely synthetic or semi- synthetic.
Magic mushrooms are relatively mild hallucinogens.
LSD is far more potent (about 100 times stronger)
Ecstasy is midway between these two extremes in terms of potency.

20. What are the side effects of ecstasy?
Physical problems: increases in heart rate and blood pressure, nausea, blurred vision, faintness, chills and sweating.
Psychological problems: confusion, depression, insomnia, severe anxiety, paranoia, and psychotic episodes can occur.
Ecstasy is not physically or psychologically addictive.
A major risk to health from taking ecstasy is hyperthermia - or heatstroke.

21. LSD
The effects of LSD are unpredictable. Like any other drug, its effects depend on the amount taken, the user's personality, mood and expectations, past experience of the drug and the surroundings in which the drug is taken.
LSD causes:
hallucinations of sight, sound, smell and touch are not real.
Distorted perceptions of time, where minutes can seem like hours.
Distorted perception of distance, perspective and colour.

22. Consequences of LSD use
No deaths caused by an LSD overdose have ever been reported and there is no physical dependence on the drug, as no withdrawal symptoms occur when a user stops taking it.
Cases of suicide have occurred after taking LSD and the drug can induce violent or hazardous behaviour, resulting in death or injury to the user or others.
Irrational behaviour is common under the influence of the drug and a user may run onto a busy road or attempt to fly etc.
Heavy users sometimes develop signs of organic brain damage.