1. The Baby’s First Year
Physical Development

2. Learning Targets I can….
Identify the most important milestones of growth & development during a baby’s first year
Describe the structure of the brain & how it works
Describe methods for handling & feeding an infant
Indentify other skills involved in meeting an
infants physical needs

3. As a Table…
You are to sketch a outline of a “typical” baby at birth and at one year.
Compare and discuss your sketches with the table next to you
Read the story on page 249 about Jason and Brett.
While reading, identify Jason’s needs
that Brett is meeting??

4. Growth & Development Development – sequence (step-by-step)
Three basic patterns
Head to Foot
Begins long before birth
Baby’s head takes lead in development
Head – arms & hands – legs & feet
Near to Far
Starts close to body & moves outward
Waves arms, hand – finger control
Simple to Complex
Large muscle – small muscle
Torso – upper body

5. Influences on Growth & Development
Typically, babies follow the same pattern, they do so at their own rate
Terms are used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing
Growth – changes in size, weight & length
Development – increases & changes in physical, social or intellectual skills

6. Influences on Growth & Development
Both heredity (nature) & environment (nurture)
Developmental milestone – a key skill used to check a child’s progress

7. Growth & Development during the 1st year
Typically triple birth weight
Usually increase length by about 50%
Growth chart – shows the average weight & height of boys & girls at various ages
Few match –remember they grow at own rate
Dr. watches for a steady pattern of growth

8. Weight Weight gains – one of the best signs of good health
Most lose about 10% of their birth weight in the first five days
After they begin to gain weight rapidly
1st 6 months = gain 1 – 2 lbs/month
2nd 6 months = 1 lb
Average weight 1 year old = 20 – 22 lbs
Boys typically weight more than girls

9. Length Length rather than height b/c they are measured lying down
Steadily grow in length due to bone growth is rapid
Average newborn – 20 in” – 30”
Heredity – strong influence
Boys slightly longer than girls

10. Body Shape
Tend to hold themselves in a tightly curled position w/fist clenched, legs bent, & feet curved inward
Head may have a elongated shape (child birth)
Arms & legs skinny
Abdomen – large
Umbilical cord stump – dries up & drops off in 3 weeks revealing navel
Legs & feet straighten out 6 months

11. Proportion
Refers to the size relationship between the parts of the body
Compared to body – head & abdomen – large
Legs & arms – short and small
Baby’s head grows rapidly to accommodate (make room for) the swiftly developing brain
skull – spaces called “fontanels”

12. Sight/Vision Patterns & colors
High contrast –alternating stripes, bull’s eye or faces
Color red or blue
Hand-eye coordination – ability to move their hands & fingers precisely in relation to what is seen
Reach for objects 3 mo – important milestone
Improves rapidly, 1st blurry
Within week – focus on objects that are in” away
1 mo. – three feet
6 mos – eyesight reaches the clarity & sharpness of the adult level
At 1st, babies see world in 2 dimensions
Depth perception – ability to perceive objects that are three-dimensional 2nd mo

13. On a Sheet of Paper ..
Draw what would be best for an infant

14. QUESTIONS??? By age 1, infants _____________ their weight.
By age 1, infants increase their length by __________.
Describe the body shape of an infant.
What is a developmental milestone?
What do infants like to look at?
Don’t forget about your mobiles on Monday

15. Hearing Develops before birth Full term baby – tell general direction
Newborns respond to tone of voice, not words
7 mos – recognize parents & caregivers by voice
Language development begins with hearing words first, then imitating – understanding
Premature & infections = hearing problems – language development delay

16. Smell & Taste
Surrounded by amniotic fluid before arrival – sense of smell does not develop until after birth
Develops quickly
10 days – know mommy by smell
Taste – quickly
2 weeks – can taste the difference
Learn by using their mouths
Put everything in there!!
Clean, not sharp, not too small

17. Reading!!!! Little Developing Child Book Page 255 – 257
Complete Questions 1-7 on page 257
Big Developing Child Book
Page 232—236
Complete Questions 1-7 page 237

18. Complete Worksheet Quiz in on the table
Both worksheets will go into your notebook
After the worksheet we will go over the answers to quiz 8.1
We will go over the answers to quiz 8.3 tomorrow!

19. Handling & Feeding Infants
I can…
Explain how to hold and feed a baby
Identify an infant’s nutritional needs

20. Handling a Baby Infants need to be moved & held for different reasons
Remember when you hold an infant, you have the chance to strengthen your bond & to help the baby feel secure & happy!!!
Require greatest care – neck muscles cannot support their head
Must keep your hand/arm under neck & head at all times.

21. Lifting a Newborn
Slide one hand under the baby’s buttocks and the other under the shoulders & head. Use your forearm to support the neck & head as you raise your hands together to lift the new born.

22. Holding a newborn in your arm
Hold the baby upright, cradled in the curve of your arm. Your arms supports the baby’s head & neck, and you can easily maintain eye contact w/the baby

23. Holding a newborn against your chest
Hold the baby against your chest , so that the baby faces – or peeks over – your shoulder. Use your hand to support the baby’s neck & hand.

24. Questions Name the 3 patterns of physical development Define:
Hand-eye coordination
Depth perception
Never __________ a baby.
True or false: Brain developments begins at birth
True or false: Weight is most influenced by heredity

25. Putting a Newborn Down
Continue to support both the neck and head and the body. Bend over, keeping the baby close to your body until the baby’s body is resting on a surface that can support his or her body. Then remove your arms.

26. Gentle Handling Never shake or jiggle
Thousands of babies each year suffer from shaken baby syndrome - caused when someone severely shakes the baby (stop crying)
Damage to brain, learning problems, mental retardation, blindness, deafness, death

27. When a baby cries = frustration
Put the baby down in safe place – go to a different room – calm down before returning
Ask friend/relative to take care of the baby
Take deep breaths – look at the window
Call someone and talk about problem until you calm down

28. Feeding a Baby More than physical nourishment Contact w/others
Learn more about the world

29. Feeding Schedules
Newborn’s feeding & sleeping schedule unpredictable at first
Newborns need to eat as much as they want & as often
Feedings are necessary b/c a newborns stomach can hold only small amounts
Breast fed babies eat more often
2nd – 3rd month – regular pattern emerges
About 12 lbs – babies can sleep thru night

30. Feeding Methods 1st year – breast milk or formula
Not cow’s milk – too hard for them to digest, contains minerals their kidneys cannot process
Formula w/cow’s milk acceptable

31. Feeding from the Bottle
Hold the baby close in a semi-upright position
Neck & head supported
Head well above the stomach
Hold bottle at angle
Baby can suck comfortably & less air
Warm bottle – not necessary
Warm it – place in pan of water on stove until lukewarm

32. Feeding Check temperature on wrist – lukewarm
Never heat in the microwave
Formula left in bottle – throw it away
Bacteria can grow quickly
Feeding bottle should be sterilized
Never lead a bottle propped up so baby drinks alone
Healthy babies usually eat the amount they need

33. Burping the Baby
No matter the method, burp the baby as least twice – once during feeding & once when the feeding is over
Breast feeding – burp during the switch from one breast to the other
Why must you burp the baby?
They swallow air along with the liquid
Discomfort
Don’t be surprise if the baby doesn’t burp

34. Small Group Activity (Group of 2)
You are to prepare a cartoon strip titled “Things to Do When Bottle-Feeding Your Baby”
Content of strip
How to prepare formula
How to hold the baby during feeding
How & why to burp the baby
Be creative!!

35. Introducing New Foods Around 6 months other foods will be added
Pediatrician will recommend when to introduce “solid” foods
Most babies = no rush
Choose a time when baby is happy, content and well

36. Introducing New Foods
B/c the food the unfamiliar – spit back the first spoonfuls
Introduce it later or combine it with a favorite
PATIENCE

37. Introducing New Foods Tips
Hold baby in an upright position
If baby is used to lukewarm formula – heat solid foods to lukewarm
NEVER use the microwave
Be prepared for messy feedings
Cereal – running, dilute with formula or breast milk – NEVER put in bottle = choke
Do not feed baby from the jar. (Bacteria) Put small amount in bowl and refrigerate leftover immediately

38. Read page 273 – Ask the Expert
Answer questions 1 & 2
At your table, decide on ways to prepare homemade baby food.
Be prepared to share group findings.

39. Think about.. Your reactions to food (cereals, vegetables, fruits)
Do you think babies would have the same response??? Why or why not?
List types of fruits and vegetables that could be mashed and served as one of a baby’s first solid foods

40. Weaning
Changing from drinking from the bottle or breast to a drinking from a cup
Important sign of the baby’s increasing independence
No precise age, 9 months – common
Usually baby will show signs
Playing or looking around, pushing away, likes to eat from a spoon
Do not force – other feeding & behavior problems

41. Self-feeding Sit up steadily (8 – 10 months) baby will show signs
eat with fingers & reach for spoon
1st – fun more baby, but not much eating will take place
you – help out – separate spoons, placing food in baby’s mouth
PATIENCE & humor
Encourage

42. What do you think Mashed bananas Hot dogs Grapes Peanuts
Small cereal pieces
Which foods do you think are
appropriate for a baby to self feed

43. Read page 275 – Self-Feeding Safely
Answer follow up questions 1 & 2

44. Nutritional Concerns
Your responsibility = making sure baby’s nutritional needs are being met
Problems = too much food, too little food or the wrong kinds of foods

45. Overfeeding As they gain weight – they may look fat
Most will slim down by age three
Bottle fed more likely to be overfed
Worried talk to pediatrician
Healthy eating habits – established early in life
Small nutritious foods – smaller portions
MyPlate

46. Inadequate Nutrition Infants = very specific nutritional needs
Enough calories = rapid growth
Nutrient rich foods
Food that is easy to digest
Adequate amounts of liquid

47. What are some causes of inadequate nutrition?

48. Inadequate Nutrition Can cause lasting physical problems
Linked to poor brain development & learning problems
Many government & community programs help to eliminate malnutrion
WIC – Women, Infants & Children program

49. Do you know the signs Growth = below average
Nervous or irritable behavior
Wounds that are slow to heal
Hair = thin, dull, lifeless, easy to pull out
Swollen eyelids
Poor posture
Poor coordination
Diarrhea

50. Tomorrow
You are to research commercial baby food.