1. Unit 5.4 Global Migrations
Modern Era
1750 CE-1914 CE

2. Key Concept 5.4: Global Migrations
Global migrations increased as compared to previous eras
This lecture will cover reasons for immigration (and emigration) as well as the social changes endured

3. Population changes The global population increased as a result of:
Changes in food production
Modern Agricultural Revolution
Crop rotation/farming techniques and technologies improved
Improved medical conditions
Improved medical procedures
Vaccinations
Sanitation/antiseptics
Pasteurization

4. Transportation changes
New modes of transportation led to an influx of migrations to cities (urbanization)
Railroads allowed for travel into cities where jobs were more plentiful
Steamships provided a means to travel overseas at a faster rate than previous eras

5. Emigration and immigration
Migrants relocate for a variety of economic reasons
In search of work
Forced to move (coerced laborers)

6. Pull Factors Free laborers usually migrated in search of work
Industrial Revolution arrived in some countries (Great Britain, United States) faster than others
Factories normally didn’t require skilled laborers so cheap immigrants were often preferred in places like the U.S.

7. Pull Factors
While most free migrants relocate permanently, some returned home seasonally
Italians in Argentina
Argentina offered citizenship to migrants when U.S. was becoming more anti- immigrant
Lebanese merchants in the Americas
Some fled for religious reasons
Occupation by Europeans imperial nations left merchants seeking greater profits elsewhere

8. Push Factors
There were of course still plenty of people forced to move (coerced laborers)
Slavery
African Slave trade would be abolished in 1807
Chinese/Indian indentured servitude
Contracts usually between 5-10 years long
Employed by their Imperial governments
Usually worked on plantations (replaced slave labor after abolition)
Convict labor
English convicts forced to Australia and New Zealand to alleviate crowded prisons

9. Key Concept 5.4: Global Migration
Most migrants from Asia and Africa were relocating to the Americas
However, Europeans were both relocating to the Americas and to their colonial territories in Africa and Asia
These migrations caused a variety of social and cultural consequences

10. Social consequence #1: Gender roles changed:
Most labor migrants were men
Women were left to care for families, but also do jobs formerly belonging to men

11. Social consequence #2: Transplanting new culture:
Migrants created ethnic enclaves which helped provided a support system from new immigrants
Ex. “Chinatown”
Google map Chinatown

12. Social consequence #3: Racial and ethnic prejudice:
Receiving societies often rejected immigrants and tried to regulate the number of people entering their country
U.S. passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882
White Australia policy barred non-Europeans from migrating to Australia

13. Clean up for Unit 5.1 Industrialism around the world
Modern Era
1750 CE-1914 CE

14. What you should know already
What you should also know
Industrial Revolution starts in Great Britain around 1750 and spreads to Western Europe first
Industrial Revolution didn’t reach the United States until nearly 1800’s
First factory
Russia and Japan

15. What you should know already
What you should also know
Factories brought changes to the typical roles of women and children, as more were seen working in factories during this era
Pay was worse for both groups in comparison to that of men
Feminist movements began and resulted in eventually led to voting rights in several nations
Child labor laws and Educational reforms were passed to keep children in school
Free public education in places like the U.S.

16. What you should know already What you should also know
Global trade expanded thanks to rapid production in factories
Industrialized nations (who used to be the buyers) were now the ones selling finished products to foreign nations
Industrialized nations were now in need of importing raw materials and food crops instead of luxury items
Wheat
Meat
Sugar
Cotton
Rubber
Metals

17. What you should know already
What you should also know
Industrialized nations are the ones profiting from this global economic change
Some Asian nations are at the mercy of Imperial governments
There was a sharp decline in Middle Eastern and Asian share in global exports
Still participating in these industries, but not at the scale they once were
Cotton
Iron working
Shipbuilding

18. What you should know already
What you should also know
Imperial nations infiltrated foreign governments through diplomacy and warfare throughout Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific
This era would be the start of Transnational businesses (businesses from one nation but with a home base in a foreign land)
The United Fruit Company
(U.S. based company operating in Central America)
This is also the era where we first see these financial instruments
Stock Markets
Insurance
The Gold-Standard