1. Urbanization – Push and Pull Factors
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Standards – Economics 1a; Geography 1a
Concept EQ – How was the US population affected by hierarchy, accessibility, diffusion and complementarity?

2. Summary of Unit
At the high school level, students should understand that over time, as successive waves of diffusion wash over particular places, the nature of culture in those places changes. Moreover, some have argued that growing cultural diversity among places is being replaced with a slow movement towards cultural similarity. The loss of distinct languages and the spread of English are associated with a growth in global communication and human migration. Students should understand the potential for such trends to reduce cultural diversity among places and recognize evidence such as the assimilation of immigrants.
In addition to culture, places are distinctive because of the economic activities found there. Students need to understand the processes that account for differences in industry in different parts of the world. While the location of raw materials influences the location of industrial enterprises, students should understand that there are other influential factors like distance to market and transport costs and services. Human capital is another major factor. For instance, some areas may appeal to immigrants because of the growth of certain industries.

3. Summary of Unit
Distance also affects the location of industry. Originally, water power sites attracted industry because power could not be moved. When coal became common, power could be moved, but coal was so heavy it was cheaper to use it on its site of production so industry gravitated to coal fields. When the amount of coal needed in manufacturing and the diversity of raw materials in a finished product expanded, industry shifted to major metropolitan centers where the market for products was greatest. Other factors such as available labor, cost of electricity, type of living conditions, and tax incentives all play their part in the location of industry. Students need to understand how these factors affect the character of a given place.
Finally, places display particular arrangements of form or built environment (the organization of buildings, streets, and open spaces). Many American cities adopted the grid-iron street plan. Some are divided into ethnic neighborhoods, while others show distinct evidence of cultural assimilation to the area. Each of these settlement forms contributes to place distinctiveness.

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Unit Key Terms
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-- Hierarchy (patterns at a detailed scale may be related to patterns at a more general scale)
-- Accessibility (how easily one place can be reached from another)
-- Diffusion (how people or things move in certain directions at certain speeds)
-- Complementarity (the mutual exchange of people or goods among places usually occurs over the shortest possible distances)

5. Big Ideas and Enduring Understanding
Migration
Culture
Place
Enduring Understanding
Places are unique associations of natural environments and human cultural modifications.
Concepts of site and situation can explain the uniqueness of places. As site or situation change, so also does the character of a place.
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Knowledge and Skills
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Students will know…
Settlement forms of 19th century America.
Reasons for immigration to America.
Why some places are more or less culturally diverse than others.
How migration patterns impacted American society.
Students will be able to…
Explain the reasons for culturally diverse and similar regions in 19th century America.
Explain the push-pull effect of immigration and subsequent settlement patterns in America.
Analyze the effects culture change had on economic activity.

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Urbanization
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LEQ – How has the culture of places in America changed as a result of migration patterns?
Vocabulary
Assimilation
Ethnic Group

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A-B-C Graffiti
Get into pairs
Draw a rectangular box at the top of a sheet of paper
Write “Migration” in the box
Fold the paper down the middle to create 2 columns
Letter A to M down the left side
Letter N to Z down the right side
Create a list of terms that define or explain the concept of Migration
For Example – “F” use the word Freedom
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Push and Pull Factors
Push Factors – reasons a person wants to leave a town
Examples –
Lack of work
Polluted drinking water
High crime rates
Lack of recreational facilities
Cultural pressures
Climate issues
Environmental dangers
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Push and Pull Factors
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Pull Factors – reasons people would be attracted to a particular place
Examples
Opposite of PUSH Factors
Well paying jobs
Decision of where to go dependent on information
Word of mouth/family connections = “Scoop”

11. Checking for Understanding
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Individually, answer the following sentence stems on separate piece of paper.
Push and Pull factors are similar because they both _____.
Push and Pull factors are different because ___.

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Making Comparisons
Pick up a copy of the Push/Pull chart. Follow the instructions on the worksheet
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Use the column chart to explore “push-pull” factors for migration from various European countries beginning in the 19th century.
Use your textbook or websites listed on the worksheet.

13. Checking for Understanding
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Answer individually on separate piece of paper in COMPLETE SENTECES
Why did many Europeans move to America during the 19th century? Explain your answer.