1. Reconstruction

2. Reconstruction (1)
Refers to the federal government’s plan to restore the South to the Union.

3. Lincoln’s Plan (2)
Wanted to reunite the south with the rest of the country
He did not want to punish the south.
Lincoln died before he could put his plan in place
Task fell to President Andrew Johnson

4. Johnson’s Plan (3)
Like Lincoln he did not want to punish the south and wanted to restore the South to the Union
Texas and other Confederate states had to meet certain conditions:
Set up temporary governments
Slavery had to be ended
Declare Secession illegal
All adult white males had to take an oath of loyalty to the U.S.

5. Reconstruction Problems (4)
Reconstruction was not smooth:
African Americans struggled with attaining equality
Many in the South still bitter about losing the war
Reconstruction of towns and Railroads slow
Economic Troubles

6. Reconstruction and Texas

7. Reconstruction and Texas (5)
Texas was not as badly damaged from the war as other southern states due to it’s distance from the main fighting.
Many railroads, ports, cities, and farms left undamaged.
During the war cotton production fell but after the war it increased.
Texas provided much needed food and soldiers to the war effort.
Many displaced southerners migrated to Texas after the war.
Population in Texas increased.

8. Reconstruction in Texas (6)
Texas had to re-write and adapt a new state constitution
African Americans still struggled with equality
Cotton production and railroad construction increased

9. Juneteenth (7)
Union General Gordon Granger took command of Texas after the war ended
On June 19th, 1865 Granger issued a proclamation freeing all slaves in Texas.
African Americans in Texas called this day Juneteenth.
Became a state holiday in 1979.

10. Emancipation Proclamation

11. Post Civil War Texas
Native Americans

12. Reconstruction Indian Removal Jim Crow Laws
A Time of Progress
A Time of Bitterness
Expansion of the railroads west
Innovations in Technology
Growth of Cities
Rise of Industry
(Cattle, Oil, Steel, etc…)
Population Growth
Indian Removal
Jim Crow Laws
Lingering anger of losing war

13. Indian Wars
Texas and the U.S.

14. Native Americans Struggles
Native Americans in North America at odds with different groups from the start

15. Native Americans In Texas
Conflict with the following groups/nations
Europeans(Spaniards)
Mexico (Both Mexican and Anglo’s)
Republic of Texas
U.S.

16. Population Moves West (Manifest Destiny)
Indian hunting grounds encroached
Indians angered and fight to defend homeland

17. Treaties Made and Broken
To keep peace, U.S. brokers many treaties with Native Americans
Most of the time they are broken
Native Americans mistrustful of White Men (U.S.)

18. Reservation System
Native Americans offered a chance to be moved to a reservation
Reservation- Land set aside by U.S. Government for Native Americans settlement
Native Americans would have to farm and depend on U.S. Government for assistance
Most Native Americans not pleased with reservation system
Some tribes refuse and resist
Plains Native Americans angered at extermination of Buffalo
Native Americans resistance intensifies

19. War in Texas
President Grant sends in William T. Sherman and Phillip Sheridan to Texas to tour forts and begin pacification (Forced Removal)
Wars with Native Americans Intensify

20. Native Americans Combatants
Main Combatants
Comanche
Apache
Kiowa

21. Native Americans at a disadvantage
Low numbers
Weapons and other supplies scarce
Fighting the full might of the U.S. Army.
Not resistant to diseases

22. Quanah Parker Son of captured American Woman (Cynthia Ann)
Last Comanche Chief
Fought U.S. Hard
Realized it was a losing battle
Assimilated in American Culture
Convinced other Indians to do so

23. Buffalo Soldiers
African American soldiers stationed out in the Texas and U.S. frontiers
Helped fight and later keep the peace with the Native Americans