1. Biology Study Session First Semester

2. $100,000 Biology Pyramid

3. Contains chloroplasts, lacks centrioles, cell walls made of cellulose
Answer: Plant Cell
Occurs in cytoplasm of cells, break down chemical bonds to release energy, used to make yogurt
Answer: Lactic Acid Fermentation

4. Water moves into the cell, cytolysis may occur, solution in which the concentration of dissolved particles is lower compared to the inside of the cell
Answer: Hypotonic Solution
Also known as the Calvin Cycle, it is the reaction where glucose is produced in photosynthesis
Answer: Dark Reaction

5. Ask a question, Collect information, Form a hypothesis, Perform an experiment, Observe & record data, Analyze data, State a conclusion, Communicate the results
Answer: Steps of the scientific method
Deserts, tropical rain forest, tundra, taiga
Answer: Types of biomes
Curious about the world, logical, skeptical, persistent
Answer: Characteristics of a good scientist

6. Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
Answer: Stages of Mitosis
Structural, Developmental, Behavioral, Genetic, Biochemical Similarities
Answer: Methods used to classify organisms
Disease, competition, predators, parasites, food
Answer: Density dependent limiting factors

7. Name That Term

8. The maximum number of a species that can live in a given area
Answer: carrying capacity
The variable that is measured to see if any change occurred
Answer: dependent variable
The type of cell division that occurs in prokaryotes such as bacteria
Answer: binary fission
Stable internal environment
Answer: homeostasis

9. Organisms that look alike and can breed and produce fertile offspring in a natural setting
Answer: species
The type of protein which lacks some of the essential amino acids
Answer: incomplete proteins
First species to appear during primary succession
Answer: pioneer species
Glucose and cellulose are examples of this type of compound
Answer: Carbohydrates

10. An organism that eats only plant matter
Answer: Herbivore
The start of any food chain
Answer: Producer
The clarity of an image
Answer: Resolution
The population growth represented by a J-shaped curve
Answer: exponential growth

11. Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
Releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen
In mitochondria
38 ATP’s
Slow-but efficient
CO2 & H2O
Release energy from food in the absence of oxygen
In cytoplasm
2 ATP’s
Fast-but not efficient
Two types
Lactic Acid & Alcoholic

12. Lactic Acid vs. Alcoholic
Conducted by animals, some bacteria, and a few plants
Waste product = lactic acid
Uses – yogurt, cheese, & soy sauce
Conducted by bacteria and yeast
Waste products = ethyl alcohol & carbon dioxide
Uses – making beer and wine, gasoline additives, breads & bakery products

13. Respiration vs. Photosynthesis
To covert light energy into stored chemical energy (glucose)
Occurs in chloroplasts
Reactants are water, carbon dioxide, and light energy
Products are glucose and oxygen
Chlorophyll is required
Process that releases energy from glucose molecules
Occurs in mitochondria
Reactants are glucose and oxygen
Products are water, carbon dioxide, and 38 ATP

14. Light vs. Dark Reacions
Occurs all day and for a short time into the dark as long as there is ATP and NADPH+
Makes glucose
Absorbs carbon dioxide from air and combines it with hydrogen from light reaction
Occurs in the presence of light
Light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and splits water
Oxygen is released
H+ ion picked up by NADP for dark reaction

15. Organic Compounds Lipids Fats, waxes, oils Long term energy storage
Carbohydrates
Sugars and starches
Quick supply of energy
Proteins
Enzymes, keratin, hemoglobin
Cell growth and maintenance
Nucleic Acids
DNA & RNA
Store genetic information & control cellular activity

16. Level of Organization Cell – structural unit of life
Tissue – group of cells ex. Muscle tissue
Organ – group of tissues ex. Heart, stomach
Organ System- group of organs ex. digestive
Organism – a living individual ex. Dog, human
Population- one species in a given area
Community- group of populations in an area
Biome- a complex community that covers large areas and is characterized by distinct climate
Biosphere- Earth and the layer surround it in which all living things are found – land, sea, air

17. Which Organelle am I?

18. I am where protein synthesis occurs
Answer: Ribosome
I carry out cellular respiration
Answer: Mitochondria
I contain enzymes to help break down wastes
Answer: Lysosomes
I am a system of membranes that serve as a transportation system
Answer: ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum

19. I produce spindle fibers in animal cells
Answer: Centrioles
I produce ribosomes
Answer: nucleolus
I package and ship proteins for the cell
Answer: Golgi complex
I allow particles to move in and out of the cell
Answer: Plasma membrane

22. Passive vs. Active Transport
No energy required
From a high to low concentration
Examples: diffusion and osmosis
Facilitated Diffusion –use of transport proteins
carrier and channel proteins
Energy required
From a low to a high concentration
Exocytosis – “outside the cell”
Endocytosis – “inside the cell”
Phagocytosis- engulf
Pinocytosis - liquids

26. How do cells divide?

27. 2 daughter cells

28. Food Web

29. Any Questions?????
STUDY, STUDY, STUDY
GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EXAM!!!