1. Cold War
Cold War- diplomatic hostility that developed after World War II between the two world superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

2. United Nations
After, World War II, the UN was created: An International organization intended to protect the members against aggression
Headquarters in New York City

3. Cold War Policies Truman Doctrine: Marshall Plan:
Containment:
Stopping the spread of communism and blocking Soviet influence. First made famous by George Kennan in his “long telegram”
Truman Doctrine:
Truman’s support of countries fighting communism
(example- $400 million in aid to Turkey and Greece)
Marshall Plan:
Giving food, materials, and machines to any European country that needed aid

4. EUROPE DIVIDED
Winston Churchill said an “Iron Curtain” has divided Europe.
This division was between the democratic Western European countries and the Communist Eastern European countries

5. GERMANY DIVIDED
Germany was divided at the Potsdam Conference between US, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union
US, Britain, France combine their parts- becomes West Germany which was free
Soviet Union’s part becomes East Germany which was communist.
Eventually the Berlin Wall will permanently divide the city.

6. Berlin Airlift
In an attempt to force West Berlin into the Soviet Union, Stalin ordered a blockade around the city. West Berlin was suffering from lack of food, medicine, and supplies.
The U.S. dropped tons of supplies by plane for 10 months to save West Berlin.
Stalin eventually surrendered West Berlin, and West Berlin remained free from the Soviet Union.

7. COLD WAR ALLIANCES VS. NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization
US and allies (Western Europe)
Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union and allies
Both are defensive military alliances
VS.

8. COLD WAR TENSIONS
Space Race - Sputnik I- Soviet satellite, launched in 1957 causing the U.S. to create NASA
Arms Race- buildup of nuclear weapons by the US and USSR

9. Chinese Civil War 1945 - 1949 Mao Zedong- leads the communists
Supported by the Soviet Union
Chiang Kai-Shek- leads the Nationalists
Supported by the US
Communists win in China becomes known as the “People’s Republic of China”

10. Korean War
Korea gained its independence from Japan after World War II. The peninsula was split
North Korea- Communist
South Korea- Democratic
1950 North Korea invades South Korea to unite the country, which leads to war
United Nations sends army to fight on behalf of South Korea (mostly US troops), in order to contain communism
General Douglass MacArthur (US) leads the UN troops
Results:
5 million people die
No land gained by either side
DMZ- de-militarized zone is set up in between the countries
Countries divided at the 38th parallel