1. Evaluate key events, issues, and individuals related to the Civil War
SSUSH9:
Evaluate key events, issues, and individuals related to the Civil War

2. Before the Standard…. Examine the Photo: Who is the woman?
Who are the two men?
What is ironic about the picture?

3. SSUSH 9
a. Explain the importance of the growing economic disparity between the North and South through an examination of population, functioning railroads, and industrial output.

4. Sectionalism:
Division in a country because of different perspectives, opinions, & ideas
Reasons for sectionalism in the US:
1. economy/industry
2. taxes
3. slavery

5. Industrialization: Industry boomed in the Northeast
In the South, a boom in cotton production helped deepen the South’s reliance on slave labor
Because the two different sections of the nation developed differently, this further divided them and complicated politics

6. The North:
Americans built their on factories in the Northeast (not wanting to rely on Britain); had more access to money
Because of the boom of industry, a middle class emerged
Population increase due to a flood of immigrants (Ireland & Germany); promoted urban growth

7. The South:
Cotton gin, western expansion, & industrialization all helped to boost cotton production in the South
Cotton gin: saved slavery; made cotton more profitable; helped produce 60% of the nation’s cotton
Plantations dispersed the population; did not attract immigrants
Planters opposed education for slaves & poor whites

8. b. Discuss Lincoln’s purpose in using emergency powers to suspend habeas corpus, issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, and delivering the Gettysburg and Second Inaugural Addresses.

9. Habeas Corpus:
Many draft rioters & protesters throughout the North & South opposed the war openly
Lincoln viewed any effort to undermine the war as a threat to the nation
Habeas corpus: protects a person from being held in jail without being charged with a specific crime

10. Lincoln suspends habeas corpus (1862)
Lincoln suspended this right by empowering the military to arrest anyone suspected of supporting the Confederacy, anyone who criticized the President or war, & anyone who participated in draft riots or protests

11. Emancipation Proclamation: September 22, 1862
Lincoln, amid growing war casualties, used the Union victory at Antietam to issue the Emancipation Proclamation i
The Proclamation:
freed only those slaves in the states in rebellion
did not free the slaves in the border states (states that allowed slavery but did not join the Confederacy)
Did not apply to states that were already under Union control
gave the Union Army another reason to fight: the liberation of slaves
Did not free a single slave

13. Gettysburg Address
In November 1863, Lincoln gave his now famous speech at Gettysburg to dedicate the Gettysburg National Cemetery
Lincoln used the speech to redefine the purpose of fighting the war: the reunification of the Union

14. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address
Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865
At a time when victory over the states that seceded & the end of the war and slavery was near, Lincoln should have been happy
Instead, Lincoln did not speak of happiness, but of sadness, afraid of what would happen to the US once the war and slavery ended
Unbeknownst to him, John Wilkes Booth, a conspirator involved with his assassination was present in the crowd at the inauguration.

15. Lincoln: Saint or Sinner?
After all is said and done – how do you feel about Lincoln?
Has your opinion of Lincoln changed in any way? Why or why not?
Do you feel like you’ve been lied to by history? Why or why not?

16. c. Examine the influences of Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E
c. Examine the influences of Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee, Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, William T. Sherman, and Jefferson Davis.

17. The Civil War (1861-1865) The Civil War starts:
With increased tension between the North and the South (Slavery and sectionalism issues)
South Carolina secedes from the Union in December 1860 after Lincoln is elected President
By June 1861, ten Southern states had seceded
Many of the early battles were Union losses, or fought to a draw

18. Jefferson Davis
Was the first and only President of the Confederate States of America ( )
Appointed Robert E. Lee commander of Army of Northern Virginia in 1862
Captured in Georgia, in 1865

19. Ulysses Grant (Union-North)
Had early success fighting in the west (TN, LA, MS)
Captured Vicksburg, MS giving the Union control of the Mississippi River
Lincoln promoted him to commander of the entire Union Army in 1864
Fights Lee in a series of battles ending in Lee’s surrender at Appomattox in 1865

20. Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South)
Resigned from the US Army to fight for the Confederacy: was against slavery but didn’t want to fight against the South
Named commander of the Army of Northern Virginia in 1862
Lee invades Maryland (1862) and loses a major battle at Antietam, forcing him to retreat back into Virginia
After two major victories against the Union, Lee again decided to invade the North, this time into Gettysburg (PA) where he lost a 3 day battle to the Union: after the loss, Confederate forces had to remain on the defensive for the rest of the war

21. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson (Confederacy-South)
Played a major role in defeating the Union Army at the first major battle of the war (Bull Run-1861), the loss at Bull Run made the Union realize that it would be a prolonged war
Fought with Lee at Antietam
Helped defeat the Union Army at Fredericksburg (1862) and Chancellorsville (1863)
Was accidently shot at night by his own men at Chancellorsville and died 8 days later

22. William Sherman (Union-North)
Fought with Grant at Vicksburg
Named Union Commander of the West (1864)
Attacked and destroyed the city of Atlanta, a major southern railroad center, in the fall of 1864
The victory helped Lincoln secure the political support that allowed him to be reelected in 1864

23. Writing-To-Win:
Imagine if the South had won the Civil War. What would life be like today? How would it have affected our country presently? How would things be different or stay the same?
Minimum of 5 sentences!
15 minutes to complete!
Be ready to share your response!

24. SSUSH 9
d. Explain the importance of Fort Sumter, Antietam, Vicksburg, Gettysburg, and the Battle for Atlanta, as well as the impact of geography on these battles.

25. Major Battles of the Civil War

26. Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC
Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor, is surrounded after South Carolina secedes in December 1860
Lincoln will not evacuate or send
the Navy to defend, but sends
supplies to the fort, or as he
said, “food for hungry men”.
The Union refused to surrender the
fort and Jefferson Davis orders
Southern troops to bombard it.
After 33 hours the garrison
surrendered, starting the Civil War

27. Antietam: September 1862
Lee marched into Maryland hoping that a Southern victory would convince the North to settle for peace, gain support from the British, and find food for his men
The two armies fought at Antietam, which became the bloodiest one-day battle in American history (6,000 dead, 16,000 wounded)
Lee is forced to retreat back into Virginia
The Union victory led
Lincoln to issue the
Emancipation
Proclamation
What might have happened if Lee defeated the Union Army at Antietam?

28. Gettysburg (PA): July 1st - 3rd 1863
Lee again decided to invade the North in hopes that the North would settle for peace
On July 2nd, Lee ordered an attack, known as “Pickett’s Charge” on the Union forces
The South loses 7,000 men in under 30 minutes of fighting
Which state did Lee invade the first time he attacked
the North?
What were the results?

29. Gettysburg (PA): July 1st-3rd 1863
Lee retreated from the battlefield on July 4th, having lost 1/3 of his entire fighting force
The loss forces the South to fight a defensive war and strengthened the will of the North to continue the fight
Why do you think
Gettysburg is considered
the turning point of the
war?

30. Vicksburg (MS) July 4th 1863
By 1863, Vicksburg was the last major Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi River
Grant launched a siege of the city in May 1863 cutting off it’s food supply and placing it under constant bombardment
The Confederate forces surrender
July 4th 1863, which gave the
Union complete control of the
Mississippi River and cut the
Confederacy in half
Which Confederate states were isolated
from the rest of the South with the fall of Vicksburg?

31. Battle for Atlanta: August 1864
Sherman marched his army south towards Atlanta, a major railroad center in the South
He ordered all civilians out of the city and then began to burn and destroy everything of military value
Atlanta was the beginning of Sherman’s “March to the Sea” and helped the Republican Party gain political strength

32. Civil War Ends:
April 09, 1865: Lee formally surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia
Why the North won:
-greater technological advances
-larger population
-more abundant resources
-good military leaders
-South used up its resources

33. Northern and Southern Resources

34. Effects on Economy: North: -industry boomed
-factories underwent industrialization helping US become a global world power
South:
-many cities lay in ruins
-railroads & factories ruined
-had to rely on Northern investments
-agriculture still main focus

35. Checkpoint Questions:
DO NOT WRITE QUESTIONS!
Pg. 381 (1)
Pg. 385 (1)
Pg. 387 (1)