1. ENERGY RESOURCES

2. Bell Ringer What are three types of Fossil Fuels?
What do we use each type of fossil fuel for? (example, we burn coal for _______)
Why do we need to move away from using fossil fuels?

3. Fossil Fuels

4. Natural Resources
A natural resource is any material that is used by human.
Water
Petroleum
Minerals
Forest
Animals

5. Renewable vs Nonrenewable
Renewable Resources: water, lumber, etc.
Can be used and replaced at the same rate
Nonrenewable Resources: coal, oil, natural gas
Forms much slower than it is used

6. Conserve Natural Resources
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle – the process of recovering valuable materials from waste or scrap.

7. most energy we use comes from nonrenewable Fossil Fuels
Fossil Fuels: Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas
Energy is released when fossil fuels are burned
Once they’re burned, they’re gone
Fossil Fuels need to be conserved and/or used more efficiently

8. Formation of Fossil Fuels
Petroleum and Natural Gas:
forms (mostly) from the remains of microscopic sea organisms.
Coal:
Forms underground from decayed swamp plants over millions of years in FOUR stages
Peat
Bacteria and Fungi change swamp plants into peat (60% carbon)
Lignite
Heat and pressure change carbon to 70%
Bituminous Coal
More heat and pressure increases carbon to 80%
Anthracite
More heat and pressure increases carbon to 90%

9. How to obtain Petroleum and Natural Gas
Drilling wells into rock that contain petroleum and natural gas
both on land and in oceans (oil rig).

10. How to obtain Coal Mining deep beneath the Earth, or by surface mining
Surface mining is also called “strip mining.”
Soil and rock are stripped from the surface to expose the underlying coal that is to be mined.

11. Problems with Fossil Fuels
The way we obtain and use fossil fuels can have negative effects on the environment.
Example: when coal is burned without pollution control, sulfur dioxide is released, combined with moisture in the air, producing acid rain.
Acid Rain: negatively affects wildlife, plants, buildings, and statues.
Smog: sunlight reflects on pollutants, causing a “haze” in cities where a large amount of gas is burned
Wildlife Displacement: coal mining strips away soil which some plants need for growth and some animals need for shelter

12. Bell Ringer How is Acid Rain produced?
What ingredients are needed to produce Smog?
How is Oil and Natural Gas produced?
How is Coal produced?

13. ALTERNATIVE RESOURCES
Fission, Fusion, Solar Energy, Wind Power, Hydroelectric Energy, Biomass/Gasohol,
and Geothermal Energy

14. Fission vs Fusion Fission Fusion
Splitting the nuclei of radioactive atoms into smaller nuclei to produce energy
Must take place in a lab
Only release besides energy is water
Releases this water back into Earth as vapor.
The joining of two or more nuclei to form a larger nucleus.
Must take place in a lab
Requires extremely high temperatures (no known material can withstand it).
Produces large amounts of energy with little dangerous wastes.

16. Pros and Cons of Fission
Do not produce the same emissions as burning fossil fuels,
only emission is steam, and radioactive waste.
Nuclear power plants produce dangerous radioactive waste – if not removed properly can emit into environment
Power plant can overheat and release radioactive waste

17. Pros and cons of Fusion Pros Cons
Produces few dangerous wastes (like fission does)
Very high temperatures are required, making it difficult to reproduce process in labs.

18. Chemical Energy
Fuel cells can power automobiles by converting chemical energy into electrical energy by reacting hydrogen and oxygen into water.
Only byproduct of fuel cells is water
Fuel cells are more efficient than internal combustion engines. (has been used for space travel since the 1960s)

20. Solar Energy Energy received by the Earth from the sun (radiation)
Earth receives enough solar energy to meet all of our needs (renewable)
But we do not have the technology, yet, to generate enough
We use solar panels or photovoltaic cells to collect solar energy.

21. Solar Collectors
Dark colored boxes with a glass/plastic top used to heat water.

22. Pros and Cons of Solar Energy
Does not produce pollution
Renewable
Climate affects efficiency
Solar cells and solar collectors are expensive to make.

23. Wind Power The use of a windmill to drive an electric generator
Does not cause any pollution, however, in many areas, the wind isn't strong enough or frequent enough to create energy on a large scale

24. Hydroelectric Energy (Dams)
The use of falling water to produce energy

25. Pros and Cons of Hydroelectric Energy
Energy is inexpensive and causes little pollution
Renewable
Could reduce demand for fossil fuels
Not available everywhere
Can destroy forests and wildlife habitats
Can decrease water quality and create erosion problems

26. Burning Biomass and Gasohol
Biomass: organic matter that can be a source of energy
Gasohol: a mixture of gasoline and alcohol (plants produce alcohol) used as a fuel
Power is generated from plants, and does not produce pollutants
However, mass producing biomass requires use of land that could be used for growing food.

27. Geothermal Energy Energy produced by the heat within the Earth
Geothermal power plants pump water into hot rock within the earth to be turned to steam, which rises to turns the turbines, producing energy

28. Geothermal energy
Although geothermal energy does not produce harmful byproduct or wastes, it:
Has a high initial cost.
May run out of steam
Linked to earthquakes an subsidence