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Geographic Literacy Ms. Sheets AP World History
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1) Iberia is the section on the map labeled:
II III IV C
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2) The country once known as ancient Mesopotamia is now:
India and Pakistan Egypt and parts of Sudan and Ethiopia Iraq and parts of Iran, Syria, and Turkey Israel C Ancient Mesopotamia is called the cradle of civilization, where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers flow, extending from the Persian Gulf north to the mountains of Armenia. The earliest settlements there date from 5000 CE. Today, the region includes portions of Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey
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This is the Saharan Desert
3) What region of Africa is shaded yellow? The Sahara Sub-Saharan Africa The Great Basin Mediterranean Africa A This is the Saharan Desert
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4) What country was once known as Persia? Syria Egypt Afghanistan Iran
D The country that had been called Persia since ancient times was officially renamed Iran in 1935.
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A free state within Rome where the pope lives The capital of Italy
5) What is Vatican City? A free state within Rome where the pope lives The capital of Italy A city now known as Istanbul, where the Eastern patriarch lives The capital of the Netherlands A Vatican City, the residence of the pope and the headquarters of the Roman Catholic church, is located within the boundaries of the city of Rome. It has been an independent state with its own currency and citizenship since 1929
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6) What region has a predominantly single ethnicity? Yugoslavia Rwanda
Korea Cyprus C Korea
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Trade was an important activity for the success of early settlements
7) Early settlements and high population density along coastlines and rivers are best attributed to which of the following? Mediterranean climate Limited forest cover Growth of manufacturing Access to trade routes D Trade was an important activity for the success of early settlements
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8) Spanish colonial architecture, uneven economic development, and rural-to-urban migration flows are most commonly found in which of the following? Southeast Asia Sub-Saharan Africa North America Latin America D Latin America is the only region where all three of these characteristics are found
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Capitals of countries formerly colonized by the English
9) The cities of Varanasi in India and Mecca in Saudi Arabia are alike because both are Capitals of countries formerly colonized by the English Destinations for vast numbers of pilgrims Financial centers for a large fraction of the world’s economy Examples of modern urban planning B Varanasi is a holy city of the Hindus and the site of constant pilgrimages; Mecca is a holy city and the principal pilgrimage destination of Islam
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They are all located in broad South Asia.
10) Which of the following sets of countries are contained within the same geographic region? Pakistan, India, Nepal, and Afghanistan Uruguay, Ecuador, Guinea, and Chile Thailand, Laos, Falkland Islands, and Philippines Namibia, Gabon, New Guinea, and Tanzania A They are all located in broad South Asia.
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Eastern Mediterranean
11) Which of the following regions is the culture hearth for three of the world’s main religions? Horn of Africa Indus River valley Huang He Eastern Mediterranean D Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have their origins in the Middle East. Thus, the Mediterranean is the culture hearth for these religions.
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12) Which generalization about geography of Latin America is accurate?
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism Harsh climatic conditions have prevented the development of large scale agriculture Lack of geographic barriers facilitated the development of transportation and communication systems Great variations in latitude and landforms resulted in a diversity of climates D Latin America stretches from the Rio Grande River, past the equator, and ends just north of Antarctica. It contains many landforms including the Andes Mountains, the Amazon River basin, Brazilian highlands, and various deserts. Due to the variations in latitude and landforms, Latin America contains humid sub-tropics, humid continental regions, as well as dry desert regions.
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13) Hinduism is most closely associated with which country?
The United States Afghanistan India Pakistan C India
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14) Which of the following would not be considered a push factor?
Overpopulation Conflict Political Persecution Political Freedom D Push factors are reasons that drive populations to leave the land where these factors occur
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15) Which of the following is not a pull factor? Arable land
Political freedom Religious freedom Conflict D Pull factors are reasons that attract immigrant populations to emigrate to the land where these factors are found
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16) Which of the following is NOT a political system? Totalitarianism
Communism Autocracy Stateless society B Communism is an economic system that tends to go with authoritarian governments who have the means to oversee and control all aspects of a nation’s economy.
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17) Many countries start with the letter “S,” for example: Spain; Sweden; Syria. Name three more countries that start with an “S.” You receive one bonus point for listing three more countries that start with an “S” that are in Europe. Switzerland; Slovakia; Slovenia; Serbia; San Marino; Swaziland; Sudan; South Sudan; Somalia; Singapore; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Saudi Arabia; Suriname; Sri Lanka
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Peru; Brazil; Paraguay; Argentina; Chile
18) How many countries does Bolivia border? 2 3 4 5 D Peru; Brazil; Paraguay; Argentina; Chile
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19) What is the largest religion in Greece? Greek Orthodoxy Islam
Roman Catholicism Paganism A This is largely a result of the Byzantine Empire’s rule for nearly 1000 years.
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It is located east of Suriname and north of Brazil.
20) Where is French Guiana located? Europe Africa Southeast Asia South America D It is located east of Suriname and north of Brazil.
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When we look at a physical map of the world . . .
We don’t see artificial boundaries or country lines like we would on a political map. Instead, we see natural boundaries or borders made by water, rivers, lakes, deserts and landmasses. Additionally, even though we are used to reciting the seven continents, we often forget there are two basic land masses that humans occupy.
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Africa + Europe + Asia = Afroeurasia
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Australasia is the continent of Australia, plus New Guinea, New Zealand, Tasmania, and other islands that neighbor Australia. Human settlement of Australasia began as many as 60,000 years ago, though Polynesian mariners did not reach New Zealand until about 1000 CE.
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Eurasia is the land mass made up of Asia and Europe
Eurasia is the land mass made up of Asia and Europe. The idea that Europe and Asia are separate continents goes back many centuries, but scholars often accept the term Eurasia because these two land masses are conjoined. Moreover, the Ural Mountains, which eighteenth-century European geographers designated as the proper boundary between the European and Asian continents, have never been a serious obstacle to the flow of migrants, armies, trade goods, or ideas. Particularly with regards to Russia, there are many things both continents share.
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Oceania is the basin of the Pacific Ocean and its approximately 25,000 islands. Human settlement of this enormous region, sometimes called the Island Pacific, began in western islands near New Guinea about 1600 BCE. Polynesian mariners reached both Hawaii to the northeast and Easter Island to the far southeast around 500 CE. The majority of the islands lie in the tropical belt south of the Equator. The first peoples of Oceania spoke mostly Polynesian languages.
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This is a designation of the region, often referred to as the Middle East, which extends from the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea to Afghanistan, including Turkey and the Arabian Peninsula. The term “Middle East” is only in the context of history since the start of the twentieth century. Scholars do include Egypt, and sometimes choose to embrace the entire region from Afghanistan to Morocco.
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Why is the Middle East always being fought over?
Start at the Iberian Peninsula in the West and go straight across to South China Sea; create an ellipsis around this area. In this area, we find: Every major philosophy, every major religion, and a tremendous amount of scientific contributions Why is the Middle East always being fought over? It is the connection between all three continental zones, point for 5 or 6 trade zones which everyone is going through, home of three major religions
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In a major trade city during the 12th c. along the Silk Road . . .
What would you hear? Europeans, Chinese, South Asia, Muslims, traders What faiths would you see? Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Nestorianism (branch of Christianity that goes towards India), Hinduism, Judaism Mixing of ideas, discoveries, philosophies, objects, religions all because the multiplicity of cultures on this land mass were able to intermix
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5 World Regions
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Sub-regions
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Historical Significance
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What makes an event significant?
Chronological and geographic extent of the effects of the event SPICE effects What else is happening at the time? Did it have a significant impact? Did it save/take many lives? Was this the first/last event of its kind? Did it have long-lasting effects? Was it an invention? Was it a military event? Was an important person involved? How many were affected? Does it help us understand the past?
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Which event is MOST significant? Which event is LEAST significant?
476 CE: End of Roman Empire in west (splitting of the Roman Empire) CE: Justinian rules Byzantine Empire; silk industry begins 634 CE: Beginning of Islamic conquests of Western Asia; decline of Sassanid Empire and Byzantine Empire; creation of the caliphate 732 CE: Charles Martel wins Battle of Tours, end of northern expansion of Islamic conquests in Europe 750 CE: Islamic merchants expanded the trans-Saharan routes by using camels to connect to the Ghana Empire 751 CE: Battle of Talas River in Central Asia (transferred Chinese papermaking technology to Muslim world)
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Lastly, perhaps your own background influenced your decision?
Did the way you have learned history in the past affect how you decided what was historically significant? Or, did your own interests, perhaps cultural interests, affect your decision? Lastly, perhaps your own background influenced your decision?
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Imagine this same process with historians.
How much does one’s perspective on the importance of one region or hemisphere over another affect how she or he organizes world history into time periods? Why do you think world historians usually do not select single events to mark the beginning of a time period? How do you think historians decide enough changes occurred to make a time period?
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Course Periods 1) Foundations Period 8,000 BCE – 600 BCE
Creation of classical societies 2) Classical Period 600 BCE – 600 CE Creation of Islam / Fall of classical societies 3) Post-Classical Period 600 CE – 1450 CE Prior to European sea exploration 4) Early Modern Period CE – 1750 CE Prior to Age of Revolutions 5) Modern Period CE – 1900 CE Prior to WWI 6) Global Period CE - Present
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Interactions with Environment
SPICE Themes Since everything on the AP exam will have a region, a date, and a theme, it is useful for us to begin familiarizing ourselves with the SPICE themes. Social Political Interactions with Environment Cultural Economic
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Development and transformation of social structures
Gender roles and relations Family and kinship Racial and ethnic constructions Social and economic classes
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State-building, expansion, and conflict
Political State-building, expansion, and conflict Political structures and forms of governance Empires Nations and nationalism Revolts and revolutions Regional, transregional, global structures and organizations
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Interactions with Environment
Demography Disease Migration Patterns of settlement Technology
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Development and interaction of cultures Religions
Belief systems, philosophies, ideologies Science and technology Arts and architecture
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Creation, expansions, and interactions of economic systems
Agriculture and pastoral production Trade and commerce Labor systems Industrialization Capitalism and socialism
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