1. Classification of Consonants
Distinctive Features

2. Distinctive Feature Classification
A second way to classify consonants based on distinctive features
According to df, phonemes are comprised of a bundle of features that make them distinct from any other phoneme
df are binary with a “+” or “-” used to denote the presence or absence of that feature in a particular phoneme
Each df typically represents some physiological aspect of sound production
EX. The feature [voice] represents the presence or absence of vocal fold vibration as [+voice] or [-voice]

3. Distinctive Feature Classification
There are several different distinctive feature classifications, but the one most commonly used is by Chomsky & Halle (1968)
In general, each distinctive feature relates to one of the three broad parameters of consonant production involving place, voice, or manner

4. Correspondence Between PVM and Distinctive Features
Distinctive Feature Place Voice Manner
Sonorant X
Continuant X
Nasal X
Syllabic X
Consonantal X
Delayed Release X
Strident X
Anterior X
Coronal X
Voice X