1. World War II Leaders

2. Franklin D. Roosevelt United States (Democracy)
President (Democratic Party)
Constitutional Federal Republic
First elected in 1932, wealthy New Yorker
Served as Governor of New York, author of the New Deal programs to end the Great Depression
Wanted to keep U.S. out of the war
U.S. declared war after being attacked by Japan
During WWI, he was a leader: Assistant Secretary of the Navy
Clarify that he asked Congress to declare war…Reminder that President does not have Constitutional power to declare war.
Contracted polio. Lost ability to walk and use his legs. He was never shown in his wheelchair. He figured out how to walk. Rod strapped onto his legs. Pants were baggy back then. He would have his son right by his side. Lift one leg to put all pressure on other leg. Forward motion. Immense PAIN!!! He did not want to look weak before the American public.

3. Winston Churchill United Kingdom (Great Britain)
Prime Minister (Tory: conservative party)
Constitutional Monarchy
First elected in 1940
Famous for being a powerful speaker, inspired his nation
Stood alone against the Nazis
Met and wrote to FDR pleading for U.S. to enter the war
In WWI, Australia was still part of UK; fought under British flag. Churchill ordered an amphibious assault that was a disaster!!! Ordered assault in Turkey. Thousands died in Gallipoli on that peninsula. Churchill resigned.
Hitler moved east to attack Russia. If they had gone west, England would have collapsed.

4. Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Secretary General (Communist Party)
Communist, Totalitarian
Took power in 1922
Signed a non-aggression pact with Germany in 1939
Germany broke that treaty and attacked the USSR in 1941
The Soviets switched to the Allied side
Changed his name to Stalin, which means Steel. His daughter despised him and defected to US. Moved to New Mexico and died a few years ago.
Historians guess (low ball estimate) that he killed over 20 million of his own people!
At Leningrad, Russians are fighting Nazis. Winter. Cold. Generals were told to tell the troops that another regiment of troops would be behind them to shoot them DEAD if they decided to defect and run.
Nickname: Uncle Joe as named by FDR. Cold war that begins at end of WWII with Stalin is covered in 8th.

5. Adolf Hitler
Germany
Chancellor (National Socialist German Workers Party – Nazi Party) (Fascism)
Republic – to a Dictatorship, Totalitarian
Ignored the Versailles Treaty – began military build up
Took the Rhineland, went into
Austria
Czechoslovakia
Poland
Religion? He was born Catholic, and never publicly renounced. He hated principals of equality and compassion because he saw those as weak qualities.
Nazism is not seen as Christian…
Advisers like Goebbels and Himmler were atheists.

6. Benito Mussolini Italy Il Duce (National Fascist Party)
Constitutional Monarchy to Dictatorship
Elected in 1922
Invaded Ethiopia in 1935, took Albania in 1939
Signed agreement in 1939: “The Pact of Steel” with Germany

7. Hirohito Emperor of Japan Constitutional Monarchy
Militarism (Parliamentary Democracy)
Took over throne in 1926
Attacked China in 1937
Signed pact with Germany and Italy in 1940
Attacked the U.S. in 1941