1. Western Imperialism of China
Chinese History After the Opium War including the death of Consort Zhen
Mankind, the story of us all opium in china, this link should work:)
Opium Wars

2. Background Qing (Manchu) Dynasty Conservative Resistant to change
Empress Dowager (Ci Xi)
Resistant to change
Feared Western influence
Reestablished the Civil Service System
Fostered corruption
Different from past, needed to know about the Bible

3. The Importance of Tea
China has the monopoly of sale of tea until 19th century
Tea is the drink of the working class in Britain
By 1760, tea was 40% of all imports to Britain
Created trade deficit with China
T F Without desire for tea, opium
would not have been sent to China

4. Opium: The Back Story Well known through ancient times, used
No need to take notes
Well known through ancient times, used
as a treatment for cholera
Consumed by mixing it with food or drink
Tobacco smoking – New World
Ritual purposes
Spread with sailors
Tobacco smoking smoking of opium
Grown all over the world

5. Opium: Produced in India
India had been producing
Opium in South E Asia
British East India Company
declares monopoly on opium
Warehouses and production
are standardized
how to grow, weigh and
costs… Just like other
Industries
British East India Company tells the people in India how to grow the opium, have it weighed and then get paid for it

6. What were the causes and results of the Opium war? (1839-42)

7. Opium War (1839-42) Factors leading to war
West saw $ in trade w/ China
1700’s trade benefited China
1800’s European trade increases
Britain realized it can sell opium from India to the Chinese (which was used for Chinese tea)
Britain experiences a trade deficit

8. The Opium Trade 1820- late 1830s Silver and Cotton were traded
for Tea, Silk, Porcelain
Britain had trade deficit w China
Smuggled opium into China
12 Million Addicted
Commissioner Lin fights back
Smuggled opium into China for non medical reasons

9. “I am told that in your own country opium smoking is forbidden under severe penalties. This means that you are aware of how harmful it is So long as you do not take it yourselves, but continue to make it and tempt the people of China to buy it, you will be showing yourselves careful of your own lives, but careless of the lives of other people, indifferent in your greed for gain to the harm you do to others; such conduct is repugnant to human feeling and at variance with the Way of Heaven
On receiving this, Your Majesty will be so good as to report to me immediately on the steps that have been taken at each of your ports.” Commissioner Lin

10. Opium War (1839-42) Many Chinese become addicted to Opium
1836 China bans use of opium
,000 chests of opium destroyed
Chinese ships clash w/ British (Opium War begins)
Britain wins the Opium Wars - and is able to sell Opium and other goods within China

11. The Treaty of Nanjing – 1842 (Nanking) Treaty signed at Port of Canton
Results of Opium Wars –
The Treaty of Nanjing – 1842 (Nanking)
Ends Opium War
forces China to pay war costs!
Britain obtains Hong Kong
est. 5 treaty ports (14 by 1900) to trade with West
Britain is most favored nation
Britain won’t kow tow to emperor
Extraterritoriality: British can live in China and follow their own laws!
Treaty signed at Port of Canton
Kow tow, to bow down to… it was customary for guests to show respect to the emperor by bowing down to the emperor, the West, with their ideas of superiority, would not show respect

12. Sign in a British Community
Chinese are upset as the result of the peace treaty. Due to extra territoriality, the Westerners did not have to follow the same laws as the Chinese, and if they committed a crime, they could be tried in their home countries. How would you feel if you were Chinese and you saw these signs?

13. What domestic problems did China face in the 19th century?
The Taiping Rebellion
Led by Hong Xiuqan
“Taiping Heavenly Kingdom”
Appeal
Promised social reforms
Promised land and women the right to vote
Peasants lost faith in government
As a result, the Chinese wanted to reestablish Chinese nationalism
Taiping means great peace. Promised social reforms like Chinese wealth would be shared and that there would be an end to poverty. British and French forces stopped the rebellion. As a result, the Chinese wanted to reestablish Chinese nationalism.

14. Taiping Rebellion (Civil War: 1850-64)
Most devastating peasant revolt in history!
goal — remove Qing Dynasty from power
20-30 mill dead
Rebels:
promoted end to bribery & immorality
gained control over large areas of China

15. Taiping Rebellion (1850-73) Ultimately fails
Gov sent warlords to stop it
The warlords were bribed, allowing for Spheres of Influence to be carved out more to come on that

16. Reconstruction & Self-Strengthening (no notes necessary)
Rebuilding period post-rebellion
destruction of irrigation
mulberry trees (silk)
This was the basis of the Chinese economy
Regional governors are established as a result of the rebellion
Used army & local commanders
est. soup kitchens
lower taxes
rebuild agriculture
Kind of looks like feudalism
Helps to build national pride
Li Huang-chang

17. Reconstruction & Self-Strengthening
Modernization process:
Industry
shipping
communication
refining
textiles
Military
training & equipment
compete w/Russia & Japan

18. Why didn’t the self-strengthening movement succeed in modernizing China?
Result:
Reform fails due to conservative resistance in govt.
Neighbors industrialized much quicker (Japan)
Empress Doweger Cixi

19. Open Door Policy (1899) U.S. response to Nanking
European encroachment into China’s interior
fears that China would be closed to trade
The open door policy stated that all European nations, and the United States, could trade with China.

20. “Open Door” Policy
Allowed China to keep independence politically and culturally
Led by US
All Ports Open
Created Spheres of Influence
Allowed by corrupt warlords and the collapse of the Chinese government.

21. Spheres of Influence

22. Boxer Rebellion (1900) Religious society rebel against foreigners
fed up w/ missionaries
lack of respect for Chinese culture
destroying Chinese society
defeated by foreign troops
Result:
Chinese leaders realize must reform
The rebels, referred to by Westerners as Boxers because they performed physical exercises they believed would make them able to withstand bullets, killed foreigners and Chinese Christians and destroyed foreign property. From June to August, the Boxers besieged the foreign district of Beijing (then called Peking), China’s capital, until an international force that included American troops subdued the uprising. By the terms of the Boxer Protocol, which officially ended the rebellion in 1901, China agreed to pay more than $330 million in reparations.
Did You Know?
America returned the money it received from China after the Boxer Rebellion, on the condition it be used to fund the creation of a university in Beijing. Other nations involved later remitted their shares of the Boxer indemnity as well.
forts protecting Beijing were to be destroyed, Boxer and Chinese government officials involved in the uprising were to be punished, foreign legations were permitted to station troops in Beijing for their defense, China was prohibited from importing arms for two years and it agreed to pay more than $330 million in reparations to the foreign nations involved.
The Qing dynasty, established in 1644, was weakened by the Boxer Rebellion. Following an uprising in 1911, the dynasty came to an end and China became a republic in 1912.

23. The Boxer Rebellion 1898-1900 No notes
Focus was Christian Missionaries
The “Righteous and Harmonious Fists” aka The Boxers
2 German Missionaries Killed led to increase in Christian Presence
Stormed the Capital and Attacked:
Christian Symbols- torched homes
Christian Missionaries- 182 Protestants, 48 Catholics
Christian Converts- 500 Protestants, 18,000 Catholics

24. The Boxer Rebellion
Many Chinese resented the western influence in China which led to the Boxer Rebellion to, “drive out the foreign devils”.
The Boxers attacked foreigners across China.
As a result, the West and Japan organized a force to rescue foreigners
in Beijing
They were defeated by the European powers,
the U.S. and Japan.

26. Collapse of “Old” China Rise of “New” China
The Boxer Protocol
China had to pay for the war (indemnity)
Western powers stationed in Beijing
Collapse of “Old” China
Rise of “New” China
Monies were returned as long as they went to building the university of Beijing.

27. Why did the people begin to turn on the Chinese government?
Sun Yat-sen
rise of Han Nationalism
Partner with General Yuan Shikai
Used Military takeover
NO reforms had occured
Ruled
Fragmentation, Warlords
Rise of Nationalists and Communists
Dr. Sun Yat-sen

28. Sun Yat Sen’s Nationalist Movement
Main goals:
To make China a modern state.
Create national unity in China
Create a more democratic China
Get foreign powers out of China

29. Effects China had to make concessions China reforms
Nationalism, Democracy, and Livelihood take over as principles of the Chinese
In 1911 a 2,000 year old monarch topples, and China has its first president (Sun Yixian)

30. Aim: How did the Chinese attempt to end foreign imperialism in their country?
Do Now: Write a paragraph in your notes explaining the story of the three cartoons below in regards to imperialism in China?

31.
Imperialism Crash Course
Crash Course Opium Wars same as the other, just about China, though

32. Activity: Read pages 805-809 and answer the following questions
Why did the Chinese come to hate those who had conquered them?
How did the Boxers propose to solve China’s problems? Did they succeed?
Why did the Manchus hate and fear Sun Yat-sen?
What were Sun Yat-sen’s goals for China?
Did Sun Yat-sen live to see his goals accomplished? Explain.

33. Summary Question.