1. Spread of Islam into Africa & Asia

2. The Dar al-Islam
The World of Islam 1 2 3 4 5

3. Delhi Sultanate of India 13th-16th cent.
After the fall of the Gupta, India was broken up into regional states ruled by Hindu princes.
Turkish army captured the northern cities of Lahore and Delhi => India ruled by Muslims for the first time.

4. Sultan Ilutmish
Consolidated Muslim control over much of northern India.
Was recognized by Islamic Empire caliph as a new Muslim state called the Delhi Sultanate.
Relied on instilling fear in the people and maintaining large militaries to keep them from being overthrown.

5. Sultan Ala-ud-din Khaliji
Seized trading state of Gujarat in and gained southern tip of India.

6. Decline of the Delhi Sultanate
Southern provinces united and declared a Hindu Vijayanagar Empire.
Muslim nobles in central India rebelled and created Bahmani kingdom.
Mongols began attacking in 14th century
Next empire: Mughal

7. Religion in South Asia
Islam entered India both peacefully and forcefully
Jizya: tax on non-Muslims
Many Buddhists converted making Buddhism a minority religion in India
Sufis: did not focus on strict doctrines, emphasized a personal connection
Islam didn’t really change caste system
Islam didn’t really change gender relations

8. India impacted Islam
How?
Islam impacted India

9. Indian Ocean Trade

10. Indian Ocean Trade
Trade in Indian Ocean increased dramatically between 1200 and 1500
Disruption of overland routes in Central Asia.
Increased demand for luxury goods (precious metals, jewels, rare spices, fine textiles).

12. Maritime technology
Dhows: Arab sailing vessels made from teak planks sewn together with lateen sails made of palm leaves or cotton.
Junks: Largest, most technologically advanced and seaworthy vessels at the time; developed by Chinese.

13. Chinese Junk
Arab Dhow

14. Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia

15. Strait of Malacca
Body of water between Malay Peninsula and island of Sumatra => controlled trade route from South China Sea to the Indian Ocean.
Malacca
Most important port city
Converted to Islam
Market for SE Asian products.

16. Islam in South East Asia
Trade: introduced Hinduism, Buddhism then Islam
Merchants and cities: Islamic
Sufis: so Islam was mixed with lots of local influence, animist, Hindu & Buddhist influence
In most areas Buddhism stayed strong: arrived centuries before Islam
Bali: Hinduism stayed strong

17. Angkor Wat: influence of Indian Buddhism

18. Women’s position stayed strong in South East Asia
Small businesses dominated by women
Lineage and inheritance traced through women

20. Ch. 8 in textbook or Ch. 9 in AMSCO Review book
Africa
Ch. 8 in textbook or Ch. 9 in AMSCO Review book

21. Bantus: began migration circa 3000 BCE
Spread of Agriculture: yams, millet
Iron making technology by 500 BCE
Disease: spread malaria
Matrilineal societies
Religion: believed a single god created world and spirits inhabit it
Ancestor veneration: masks to represent dead ancestors
Spread music, story telling
Language

22. https://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/ca/b ooks/bkf3/imaps/AC_06_206_bantu/AC_06_ 206_bantu.html

23. West Africa
Berbers (North African Arabs) – spread Islam to empire of Ghana (“the Gold Coast”)

25. Mali Empire Founded by Sundiata
Elites and ruling class converted to Islam
Very wealthy due to control of the Trans- Saharan trade route and its gold, copper, and salt mines.
Most famous leader was Mansa Musa, who became known through his hajj pilgrimage and creating an Islamic academic community in his capital of Timbuktu.

26. Mansa Musa
Sundiata

27. Islamic university in Timbuktu

28. Songhay Empire
Most famous ruler was Sunni Ali, a military leader who ruled through his powerful army

29. The Swahili Coast
30-45 city-states developed on East African coast due to Indian Ocean trade.
Combined African and Arabic culture and language => Swahili.
Region became known as the Swahili Coast.

30. The Swahili Coast

31. Great Zimbabwe Trading city known for stone structures.
Only major empire in southern Africa.
Economy based on farming, cattle herding, and exporting copper, salt and gold.

33. Great Zimbabwe Ruins

34. Effect of Islam and trade on region
Increase in wealthy merchants and ruling elites.
Growth in slavery accompanied the rising prosperity of elites
Architecture influenced by Islam => courtyards, pillars, and arches.
Muslim domination of long distance trade in the Indian Ocean region.
Rise in literacy and education

35. THE BIG PICTURE
Conversion to Islam strengthened nomadic tribes such as the Turks, Berbers, Mongols, and Africans.
Africa became the strongest “outpost” of Islam, creating new cultures in both the West (Ghana, Mali, and Songhai) and the East (Swahili coast).
Indian Ocean trade routes grew dramatically, giving Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia bigger roles in the global economic system.
Muslim invasion of India began a conflict between Hindus and Muslims that continues today.

36. Aden and the Red Sea
City on SW tip of Arabian Peninsula that became major stopover port for Indian Ocean trade.
Very wealthy and multicultural

37. Gujarat and the Malabar Coast (India)
Rich agricultural land in the interior and a number of trading cities along its long coastline.
Exported cotton textiles, leather and indigo
Instrumental in the spread of Islam to SE Asia.

38. Gujarat
Malabar Coast

39. The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Japan7.
Which of the following lists three places Ibn Battuta, the 14th century Muslim traveler visited? a.
The Arabian Peninsula, Iraq, and Japan b.
The Arabian Peninsula, France, and India c.
India, Mali, and Persia d.
India, Persia, and Poland e.
England, Iraq, and Mali
C:58% of test-takers got it correct.