1. Agenda

3. Review How did Mongol conquest affect Korea? How did the Mongol threat affect Japan? How was the modern state of Vietnam created?

4. Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

5. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

6. Objectives Describe the environment of tropical Africa and Asia. Evaluate how environmental differences shaped cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia.

7. Essential Questions What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia? How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?

8. Map 14-1, p. 370

9. Target: Tropical Lands and Peoples The Tropical Environment – Between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. – Rainy and dry seasons. – Altitude creates variations.

10. Human Ecosystems – Hunters, fishers, herders, farmers

11. Water Systems and Irrigation – Vietnam, Java, Malay, Burma – conserved monsoon rains, terraced. – North and south India – dams, irrigation canals. – Large irrigation systems. Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526) – Southeast Asia – canals.

12. Mineral Resources – Ironworking – hoes, axes, knives. – Copper – wire, currency, statues. – Gold.

13. Essential Questions What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia? How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?

14. Agenda

15. Review What is the environment of tropical Africa and Asia? How did environmental differences shape cultural differences in tropical Africa and Asia?

16. Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

17. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

18. Objectives Identify the circumstances under which the first Islamic empires arose in Africa and India.

19. Essential Questions Under what circumstances did the first Islamic empires arise in Africa and India?

20. Map 14-2, p. 373

21. Target: New Islamic Empires Mali (Western Sudan) – Muslim rule (600’s on) stimulated Saharan trade. – Muslim Berbers defeated Ghana (1076), did little to spread Islam. – Muslim attacks on Christian Nubian kingdoms (1200s). – Ethiopia remained Christian.

22. – Sub-Sahara – gradual and peaceful conversion. – Expansion of commercial contacts in western Sudan and East African coast.

23. – Well-developed agricultural base, control of regional trans-Saharan trade routes. – Mansa Musa (r. 1312-1337) Ibn Battuta visited (1352-1354) during reign of Mansa Suleiman (r. 1341-1360). Fall – rebellions, outside attacks.

24. Delhi Sultanate in India – Turkish dynasty captured Delhi (late 1100s). – 1206-1236 – Muslim invaders extended rule Movement away from brutal conquerors. Conquered peoples received protection for tax.

25. – Sultan Ala-ud-din Khalji (r. 1296-1316) increased control over outlying provinces. – Firuz Shah (r. 1352-1388) Taxed Brahmins. Built mosques, colleges, and hospitals. – Terror, harsh military, pillage, and high taxes.

26. – Personal and religious rivalries within Muslim elite, Hindu discontent. Bahmani kingdom (1347-1482). Vijayanagar Empire (1336-1565) – By 1351, all of south India had cast off Delhi rule, north India rebelled.

27. Essential Questions Under what circumstances did the first Islamic empires arise in Africa and India?

28. Agenda

29. Review How did cultural and ecological differences promote trade? How did this trade and other contacts promote state growth and the spread of Islam?

30. Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

31. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

32. Objectives Identify how the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tied together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe. Describe how cultural and ecological differences promoted trade. Describe how this trade and other contacts promoted state growth and the spread of Islam.

33. Essential Questions How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe? How did cultural and ecological differences promote trade? How did this trade and other contacts promote state growth and the spread of Islam?

34. Map 14-3, p. 376

35. Target: Indian Ocean Trade 14 th century fall of Mongol Empire disrupted overland routes. 1200-1500: trade increased and facilitated spread of Islam. Monsoon Mariners – Demand for luxuries rose. – Several legs of voyage. – Dhows – Arabian Sea vessel.

36. p. 381

37. – Junks in China. – Decentralized and cooperative commercial interest connected the Indian Ocean regions.

38. Africa: The Swahili Coast and Zimbabwe – City-states by 1500 as a result of expanded trade. – Common culture and language built on African grammar and vocabulary, many Arabic and Persian terms, Arabic script. Swahili. – Kilwa.

40. – Great Zimbabwe Stone structures. Farming and cattle herding, long-distance trade (gold and salt). Decline – most likely forest depletion and overgrazing.

47. Arabia: Aden and the Red Sea – Aden – monsoon winds = drinking water and grain for export. – Common commercial interests = good relations among religions and cultures.

50. India: Gujarat and the Malabar Coast – Gujarat prospered from the Arabian Sea and the Delhi Sultanate. Merchants helped spread Islam. Manufactured goods for trade.

52. Southeast Asia – Strait of Malacca Political rivalry (14 th and 15 th centuries). Siam, Majapahit.

54. – Malacca Alliance with China. Ruler’s conversion to Islam promoted trade with Muslim merchants. Southeast Asian products.

55. Essential Questions How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe? What is the economic significance of the Swahili city-states, Great Zimbabwe, Aden, Gujarat, the Malabar Coast, and Malacca?

56. Agenda

57. Review How did the technology of the maritime trade network of the Indian Ocean tie together peoples of Asia, Africa, and Europe? What is the economic significance of the Swahili city-states, Great Zimbabwe, Aden, Gujarat, the Malabar Coast, and Malacca?

58. Unit 3: Regional and Transregional Interactions (600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.)

59. ESSENTIAL LEARNING: TROPICAL ASIA AND AFRICA (1200-1500)

60. Objectives Describe the social and cultural changes reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period.

61. Essential Questions What social and cultural changes are reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period?

62. Target: Social and Cultural Change Architecture, Learning, and Religion – Social and cultural changes affected cities more than rural areas. – Blend of old and new. – Mosques, churches, temples – centers of education and prayer.

63. Muslim scholars. Muslim rulers seldom required conversion. – Merchants, Muslim domination of trade, marriage. – Invasions eliminated last strongholds of Buddhism.

64. Social and Gender Distinctions – Growth in Hindu slavery with Muslim expansion. – African slaves - military and administration of some Indian states. – Slaves worked in trades, military units, copper mines, as servants.

65. Status of Hindu women improved. – Sati was optional. – Seldom played role in commerce, administration, or religion. Adopting Islam did not always mean adopting Arab social customs.

66. Essential Questions What social and cultural changes are reflected in the history of peoples living in tropical Africa and Asia during this period?