1. World War II

2. Totalitarian Governments
Post War economic depression; political unrest and instability; debt
Totalitarian regimes appear
Complete rule by one person/party
Terror and intimidation; secret police
Propaganda, censorship, brainwashing
Youth groups to indoctrinate
Control of all elements of society, economy

3. Totalitarianism Italy – Benito Mussolini Germany – Adolph Hitler
Fascist party – nationalistic party
Il Duce; restore glory of Roman Empire
Germany – Adolph Hitler
Nazi party
Third Reich (regime)
Wrote Mein Kampf (my struggle) in prison
Wanted “lebenstraum” (living space)
Chancellor in 1933

4. WWII Allies – France, Britain, USSR (later U.S. and many more)
Axis – Germany, Italy, Japan
Japan – Emperor Hirohito
Heideki Tojo – military leader
Spain – Francisco Franco (fascist) but neutral

5. Axis Aggression & War Japan – Manchuria, China; brutal attacks
Italy – Ethiopia (League of Nations failed)
German
Took over Austria, Czech; final straw
Poland – September 1, 1939 – beginning of war
Most of Europe fell by 1940
Battle of Britain – Hitler’s first defeat
Luftwaffe vs. RAF (Royal Air Force)

6. War cont.
Japanese expansion in Pacific threatened by U.S. ships, embargo
Pearl Harbor – December 7, 1941
U.S. enters WWII
Lost Philippines
Douglas Macarthur – “I shall return.”
Bataan Death March
Midway – turning point; Japan loses 4 major ships

7. War cont. Americans turn tide of battle
Asia – Midway, Guadalcanal, Coral Sea, Iwo Jima, Okinawa
Europe – D-Day, June 6, 1944
Largest invasion in history
Allied forces land at Normandy, France
Push Germans back through France
Battle of the Bulge – Hitler’s last effort to save Germany; costly for U.S

8. War cont. Russia – Germans defeated at historic Battle of Stalingrad
US pushes from West, USSR from East
April, 1945 – FDR dies
May, 1945 – Hitler commits suicide
War in Europe over May, 1945
VE Day

9. War cont. Japan refuses to surrender Kamikaze pilots
Truman decides to use atom bomb
August 6, 1945 – Hiroshima
August 9, 1945 – Nagasaki
War ends September 2, 1945

10. Holocaust Nuremburg Laws 1935 – stripped Jews of their rights
Kristallnacht – Night of Broken Glass 1938
Allies discover concentration camps in Germany and Poland
Nazi genocide of Jews and “undesirables”
Aryan master race
Forced into ghettos then sent to camps
Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, Dachau, Sobibor, Chelmo, Theresienstadt

11. Holocaust Gassed (Zyklon B) then burned in ovens
Profited from the process (glasses, clothes, hair, etc.)
Nuremburg Trials after war – crimes against humanity
Most escaped, took new identities, etc.