1. Sexually Transmitted Infection

2. What is an STD?
an infection that can be transmitted through sexual contact with an infected individual. They are sometimes called sexually transmitted infections (STIs).1
STDs can be transmitted many different ways, but most can be passed by:
Vaginal sex
Anal sex
Oral sex
Skin-to-skin contact
Infected Mother to child
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Add animation to the “STDs can be transmitted many different ways, but most can be passed by:” section.
STD’s transmitted by exchange of body fluids:
Gonorrhea
Chlamydia
Syphilis
Trichomoniasis
HIV
Hepatitis
STD’s transmitted by skin-to-skin contact:
Genital warts
Herpes
Scabies
Pubic Lice

3. Why Is This Important?
20 million new infections every year in the United States.2
Often no signs or symptoms
People are unaware of infection, and don’t receive treatment.
Long-term damage
May have passed infection to others
More than 1/2 of all people will have an STD at some point in their lifetime.3

4. Why is this Important TO YOU?
Young people are heavily affected by STDs.
*only in student presentation*
Chlamydia:
Total cases reported: 1,401,906
Cases among year olds: 395,612 (28%)
Cases among year olds: 553,658 (39%)
YOUTH ACCOUNTED FOR 67% OF REPORTED CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS
Gonorrhea:
Total cases reported: 333,004
Cases among year olds: 72,092 (22%)
Cases among year olds: 113,035 (34%)
YOUTH ACCOUNTED FOR 56% OF REPORTED GONORRHEA INFECTIONS
44%
34%

5. Myth or Fact? You can’t get an STD from oral sex.6
Sexually active people aged years are at higher risk of acquiring STDs.3
Birth control protects against pregnancy and STDs.7
Once you’ve had an STD, you can’t get it again.8
Anal sex has a higher risk of spreading STDs than many other types of sexual activity.9
Only gay and bisexual men get STDs.10
Abstinence is the only method of contraception that is 100% risk-free.11
Suggestion:
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Myth or Fact Activity:
Split group up into 2 teams.
Teams have to guess if it is a myth or a fact.
If they get it right, they get a point.
If they can explain why, they get a bonus point.
MYTH
Any exposure to genitalia or body fluids puts you at risk for getting an STD. There are many STDs that can be transmitted through oral sex, including genital herpes, genital warts (HPV), gonorrhea, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, chlamydia, chancroid, and syphilis. To prevent getting an STD from oral sex, you and your partner should get tested for all STDs, and you should always use a condom or dental dam (a latex square or cut open condom) during oral sex.
2. FACT
1 in 2 sexually active persons will contract an STD by age 25.
3. MYTH
The birth control pill does not protect against STDs. Couples having sex must always use condoms or another barrier along with the Pill to protect against STDs and pregnancy at the same time.
4. MYTH
You can get some STDs more than just once. Some STDs are yours for life, like herpes and HIV. Others, like chlamydia and gonorrhea, can be treated, but you may get infected again if you have sexual contact with someone who has them.
5. FACT
Anal sex does have a higher risk of spreading STDs. The lining of the anus is thin and can easily be damaged, which makes it more vulnerable to infection.
6. MYTH
Anyone who has sex can get an STD, but men who have sex with men are affected disproportionately and are at a greater risk. Many factors contribute to the higher rates of STDs among MSM:
•Higher rates of HIV and STDs among MSM increase a person’s risk of coming into contact with an infected partner and becoming infected themselves.
•Certain behaviors- such as not using condoms regularly and having anal sex - increase STD risk.
•Homophobia, stigma, and discrimination can negatively influence the health of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men.
7. FACT
Abstinence - avoiding all types of intimate genital contact can prevent STDs. Avoiding all types of intimate genital contact — including anal and oral sex — is complete abstinence. Because a person does not have any type of intimate sexual contact when he or she practices complete abstinence, there is no risk of passing on a sexually transmitted infection.

6. Myth or Fact? You can’t get an STD if your partner is a virgin.12
Only “trashy” people get STDs.8
You can’t have two STDs at once.6
You can get an STD from a toilet seat.13
Women are considered at higher risk for STDs than men.14
Lesbians can’t get STDs.15
If my partner has an STD, I’ll see it.8
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8. MYTH
Depending on how your partner defines being a virgin, it is possible for them to have contracted an STD/STI. Your partner might not have had vaginal sex, but may have had oral sex with someone (and still consider themselves a virgin), putting themselves at risk for an STD. Also, there are other STIs (herpes and HPV) that are passed through skin-to-skin contact, even if no penetration has taken place. It is important to discuss with your partner all sexual activity they have participated in and to always practice safer sex.
9. MYTH
STDs don’t discriminate. The only people who have no risk of getting an STD are people who haven’t had sex or any kind of sexual contact.
10. MYTH
You can have multiple STDs at a time. For example, if you have just one other untreated STD, you are 10 times more likely to have HIV. Your chances are greater if you have genital warts, lesions or ulcers like those you can get with syphilis or herpes.
11. MYTH
STD/STI’s cannot be passed from a toilet seat. Even if the bacteria and viruses that can cause an STI got onto the seat, they cannot survive for long after leaving the human body. Most organisms do not last any more than a few minutes, because they dry out and die.
12. FACT
account for a disproportionate number of these new infections. Anatomical differences place women at greater risk than men of contracting sexually transmitted infections, and age-related physiological changes in the cervix make risk of infection even higher for adolescent women.
13. MYTH
While women who sleep with women can be at a lower risk for some forms of STDs, they can – and do – contract STDs as well. Any form of unprotected genital contact carries some risk of exposure, so safer sex practices are important, no matter what your sexual orientation.
Surrounding all of these myths is the overarching notion that outside of HIV/AIDS, LGBTQ youth do not have to worry about STDs. The truth is that anyone engaging in unprotected genital contact is at risk for contracting an STD.
14. MYTH
There’s often no sign that a person has an STD. Even doctors often can't tell by looking if people have STDs. So they need to do tests, like bloodwork. People with STDs might not know they have them: STDs don't always cause symptoms. But it is possible to carry and spread the virus without ever having an outbreak.

7. METHODS OF TRANSMISSION: High Risk
Sexual Intercourse
vaginal
anal
oral
Blood-to-blood contact
Sharing needles or other drug-use equipment
Tattoo or body piercing
Infected mother to her baby
METHODS OF TRANSMISSION: High Risk

8. BODY FLUIDS: Which one’s are considered infectious?
Semen
Vaginal fluid
Blood
Fluid in sores or blisters
Saliva
Sweat
Urine

9. METHODS OF TRANSMISSION: Low Risk or No Risk
Abstaining
Hugging
Kissing
Holding hands
Dancing
Sitting on toilets
Sharing lip balm
Mutual monogamy
Massage
Sharing forks, knives, etc.
METHODS OF TRANSMISSION: Low Risk or No Risk

10. Three types of Infections
Bacterial
Viral
Parasitic

11. Bacterial STI’s
Bacterial STI’s include Chlamydia, LGV, gonorrhea & syphilis
Can be treated and cured with antibiotics
Untreated infection can cause PID, infertility, & epididymitis

12. Chlamydia The most common bacterial STI
Greatest number of infections found in people 15 to 24 years old
Untreated, it can affect the cervix and urethra, and occasionally the rectum, throat and eye
50% have NO symptoms - men and women
Can be treated with antibiotics

13. GONORRHEA The 2nd most common bacterial STI
Most common in people aged 15 to 29
Can affect the cervix, urethra, rectum, throat, and occasionally the eyes
Can be treated with antibiotics
Often NO symptoms, especially in females
GONORRHEA

14. GONORRHEA: Signs & Symptoms
Male
Thick, yellowish- green discharge from penis
Painful urination
Testicular pain or swelling
Rectal pain, discharge or itching
Female
Increased vaginal discharge
Painful urination
Lower abdominal pain
Bleeding after sex and between periods
Pain during sex
GONORRHEA: Signs & Symptoms

15. SYPHILIS - Complications
Untreated syphilis may lead to tertiary syphilis, which can damage:
The cardiovascular system (heart & blood vessels)
The neurological system
Other major organs of the body
Complications may lead to death
SYPHILIS - Complications

16. SYPHILIS A bacterial infection that progresses in stages
Primary: (3 days – 3 months) starts as a small, painless sore called a chancre; goes away on it’s own
Secondary: (2 – 24 weeks) rash on the body, palms of hands & soles of feet, hair loss, feeling sick
Latent: lesions or rashes can recur
SYPHILIS

17. Viral sti’s Viral STI’s include HPV, HIV, Herpes, & Hepatitis B
There is NO cure
Medication available to treat symptoms only
Can pass onto others for the rest of your life

18. Genital Herpes (Herpes Simplex Virus - HSV)
Two types: HSV-1, causing cold sores, and HSV-2, causing genital herpes
It is a viral infection causing outbreaks of painful sores and blisters
Spread through direct vaginal, oral or anal sexual contact with an infected partner
Also transmitted by receiving oral sex from a partner with a history of cold sores
Symptoms can be treated with antiviral medications, but NO CURE
Genital Herpes (Herpes Simplex Virus - HSV)

19. Genital Herpes (Herpes Simplex Virus - HSV

20. Genital Herpes – Signs & Symptoms
Prior to an outbreak, the person may feel a tingling or burning sensation where the virus first entered the skin
Painful sores (external or internal)
Inflammation and redness
Fever
Muscular pain
Tender lymph nodes
Genital Herpes – Signs & Symptoms

21. Hepatitis B (HBV) Virus that attacks the liver
Most infected people (90%) naturally produce antibodies to fight the disease, but some develop chronic HBV and will carry the virus for the rest of their life
Chronic infection can lead to liver damage, cirrhosis, and cancer
There is NO CURE, but vaccination can prevent infection

22. Hepatitis B Woman suffering from liver cancer caused by HBV
Photo courtesy of Patricia Walker, MD

23. Human Papilloma Virus or HPV (Genital Warts)
One of the most common STIs
About 75% of people will have at least one HPV infection during their lifetime
There are over 100 types of HPV
Low-risk HPV types cause genital warts
High-risk HPV types may cause cancer of the cervix
There is NO CURE, but vaccination is available to prevent certain types of HPV
Human Papilloma Virus or HPV (Genital Warts)

24. HPV – Signs & Symptoms
Many people with low-risk types have no symptoms
Other HPV types may cause:
Warts on vulva, cervix, penis, scrotum, anus or in the urethra
Itchiness
Discomfort and bleeding during sex

25. HIV / AIDS – Signs & Symptoms
2 to 4 weeks after exposure, some people experience mild flu-like symptoms that last a few weeks, then disappear
Many people have NO symptoms until years after exposure
The only way to know is to get TESTED!
More Info

26. Parasitic infestation
Pubic lice: tiny crab-like insects that nest in pubic hair & bite their host to feed on blood
Scabies: mites that burrow below the surface of the skin to lay their eggs
Can live for 1 – 3 days on bedding, towels and clothing
Treated with medicated creams & lotions
Parasitic infestation

27. Pubic Lice

28. Scabies mite

29. STI Prevention
Abstain from sexual intercourse (only method that is 100% effective)
Don’t share needles or other drug-use equipment
Have only 1 mutually faithful, uninfected sexual partner
Get tested for STI’s before having sex
Use a latex condom & spermicide
Avoid alcohol & other drugs

30. When should I get tested?
Once you become sexually active, you need a check-up & STI testing once a year
You also need an STI test if:
You didn’t use a condom or the condom broke
Your partner has an STI
Your partner is having sex with someone else
You have ever injected drugs
You or your partner have any STI symptoms
You have been raped

31. All sexually active people are at risk for STDs

32. Where to go for help: Parents Health Teacher Health Unit Clinic
Family Doctor or Nurse Practitioner
Walk-in-clinic
Hospital Emergency Department

33. Resources
Disease).aspx m
clinicians-2014.pdf

34. Resources http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/abc/index.htm
hiv .
testing-questions-for-the-doctor
tested-for-chlamydia-and-gonorrhea#the-basics_2