1. What is Earth Science?
The study of our planet and the universe around us….

2. Four Parts of Earth Science:
Geology—study of our planet

3. Meteorology—study of our atmosphere

4. Astronomy—study of Earth’s motions and other objects in space

5. Oceanography—study of Earth’s oceans

6. How do we study these four parts?
Observations: using your 5 senses (sight, taste, smell, touch, hearing)
**instruments can help (telescope, microscope, scale)

7. Do now...
Complete pages 1 and 2 in your notes.

8. Testing your powers of observation...

9. From our observations, we can make…
Inferences: guesses about “why” an observation happens (like a hypothesis)
You observe a person’s
Breath—you infer…

10. Classification: separate things by their traits (“grouping”)

11. Classification
AA. A classification system is based on: shared characteristics
B. A classification system enables investigators to: establish relationships between things.
We like to stay organized, and compare different and similar things.

12. Why do we measure objects?
To express our observations with greater precision

13. Linear Measurement The distance between two points. Instrument: Ruler
Area: The amount of surface space.
Area = l X w

14. Homework Complete pages 5, 6, and 7 of your note packet.
I will check for completion on Monday.
Don’t forget that your signed course expectations sheet is due tomorrow.

15. Usain Bolt!!!!

16. Measure the classroom...
With your deskmate... Measure the classroom using your steps. Remember that number.
Share out!
Why is it important that we all use a standardized system of measurement??

17. Basic Units of Measurement (no math!)
Length: distance between 2 points (mm, cm, m, km)
**we will use the Metric System

18. The longer lines on the metric ruler are called…
centimeters

19. The shorter lines on the metric ruler are called…
millimeters

20. There are…… 10 millimeters in 1 centimeter 100 centimeters in 1 meter
1,000 millimeters in 1 meter
1,000 meters in 1 kilometer

21. Measure the turtle from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose
Measure the turtle from the rear of its shell to the tip of its nose. Record its length in both centimeters and millimeters.
10.5 cm
105 mm

22. Measure the Lines in cm & mm

23. Derived Units of Measurement (math is used)
Area: Length x Width
(mm2, m2, km2)
Volume: how much space an object takes up (Length x Width x Height)
(cm3 ,mL)

24. Volume of Liquids
Instrument: Graduated Cylinder
Units: mL

25. Volume of Rectangular Solids
Instrument: Ruler
Formula: V= l x w x h
Units: cm^3 or m^3
Remember: 1 cm^3 = 1 mL

26. Finding the Volume using Displacement

27. Mass: quantity of matter in an object— this is not weight!!
(g, kg)

28. Weight Weight: the gravitational force that is pulling on an object.
Instrument: spring scale
Units: Metric- g, kg
English: lb, oz.

29. Factors that impact Weight
The mass of an object.
The amount of gravity acting on an object.

30. Why is Density Important?

31. Density: how much “stuff” (mass) is in a certain volume (amount of space)
Density = Mass / Volume
g/cm3 or g/mL

33. Density in Relation to Size

34. What two factors affect density?
Temperature
*if the temp goes up—density goes down
Heat

35. Density Changes with a Phase Change
Gas to liquid—density increases
Liquid to solid—density increases

36. WATER! (because ice floats)
**with only one exception, solids are more dense than liquids of the same substance
WATER! (because ice floats)

37. Pressure
*if pressure goes up—density goes up
Pressure

38. Temperature: the amount of kinetic energy
(K, °F, °C)

39. Is there error in all measurements?
YES!!!
Percent Error (Deviation)
Difference from Accepted Value Percent Error = x 100
Accepted Value
No Neg. Numbers

40. What is Change? Alteration of the environment …change can be: Instant
Over long periods of time

41. What are the two types of changes?
Cyclic Change: events will always repeat themselves in a type of pattern—can be predicted (seasons, moon phases, eclipses)

42. Non-Cyclic Change: events will not repeat themselves in a pattern—not predictable (earthquakes, weather)
**most changes are cyclic and predictable

43. Rate of Change: how fast or how slow something changes
Change in Field Value
Rate of Change = ______________________
Time
distance,
temperature
Speed (mph)

44. Energy Flow and Change….
Interface: boundary between regions with different properties

45. …and the most important theme all year
Dynamic Equilibrium: an attempt to BALANCE the changes taking place

46. Scientific Notation Formula: M x 10n
M = a number anywhere from 1 to
n = the number of times the decimal has been moved

47. Scientific Notation……
If you move the decimal to the left, n is positive
If you move the decimal to the right, n is negative