1. Transportation and Early Industrialization from 1800 - 1860
Leaving the Horse and Buggy
in its Wake

2. Why do I care?
New developments and technology helped the new American nation fend for itself economically. Without the addition of mechanization, industrialization, and new political practices that emphasized economic stability the Untied States may not have been at the forefront of international power.

3. Transportation Developments
unpaved roads
paved turnpikes (toll roads)
National Road (Cumberland Road)
Maryland to Virginia to Illinois
2nd section: Ohio to Alabama
canal building (Erie Canal: )
steamboat (Robert Fulton: 1790)
clipper ships

4. Erie Canal built between 1817 and 1825 Hudson River to Lake Erie
363 miles long, 40’ wide x 4’ deep
later enlarged : 70’ wide x 7’ deep
Hudson River to Lake Erie
funded by private investors in New York
connected eastern manufacturers and western farmers
Albany, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo boomed
cost of transportation fell by 90%
floated boats carrying 30 tons of freight
steamboats did not operate on canal

5. “Clinton’s Big Ditch”

6. Canal Building

7. Road Building

8. Before the Civil War the single most important transportation project for the West was the
steamboat
Union and Pacific Railroad
Erie Canal
first federal turnpike
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad

9. Economic Changes (1) national market economy develops
freight rates decrease
agricultural commodities and farm product values increase
Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois become the breadbasket
slavery extends
industrialization emerges

10. The major transformation in social order due to the market revolution came in the lives of the
Brahmins
mechanics and farmers
laboring poor
middling sort
ex-slaves

11. Economic Changes (2) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Charles River Bridge case
the federal commerce clause, in effect, outranked a state law that had granted a monopoly to one group of people
Charles River Bridge case
the interests of the community are more important than the interests of business; the supremacy of society’s interest over private interest
Clay’s American System

12. Social Changes urbanization begins westward movement education spreads
beginnings of manifest destiny
education spreads
America begins to fulfill democratic beliefs
admission of new states
America’s land mass is expanding
immigration
Irish and German
Lowell Factory system

13. Effects of Transportation (1)
the first major transportation project linking the East to the trans-Allegheny West
Lancaster Turnpike (PA)
turnpikes, canals, and steamboats as new transportation links encouraged
lowering of freight rates
economic growth
rising land values
migration of peoples

14. Effects of Transportation (2)
Erie Canal revolutionizes domestic markets
transfer of goods from New York to New Orleans along inland waterways
tied the manufacturing of the East to the farming of the West
population movement between 1790 and 1840
the Atlantic coast to the areas between the Appalachians and the Mississippi River

15. Industrialization rise of the factory system
the most profound economic development by mid-19th century America
the rise of manufacturing in the United States
stoppages of trade by the embargoes and the War of 1812
the American system of manufacturing, which emerged in the early 1800s
interchangeable parts to allow for mass production of high-quality items

16. Early American Industrial Revolution (1)
technological advances imported from England
transportation improves
new inventions
Constitutional support
Commonwealth v. Hunt (1842)
Supreme Court ruled that labor unions were not necessarily illegal combinations or monopolies

17. Early American Industrial Revolution (2)
during the 1820s and 1830s, the growth of business was assisted by all of the following developments
specialization of stores
improvement in the distribution of goods
emergence of new general incorporation laws
favorable Supreme Court decisions

18. Each of the following factors retarded the early industrialization of the United States EXCEPT
a cultural preference for agriculture over manufacturing
a shortage of labor
a lack of technology
a shortage of capital
a lack of cities and towns

19. Working in the Factory “Lowell System” women and immigrants
employment of young women who were then housed in dormitories
the paternalistic factory system did not last long
in the highly competitive textile market, manufacturers were eager to cut labor costs
Immigrants would work for less than the women
women and immigrants
were powerless to affect pay rates or working conditions

20. to save their families from economic collapse
Among the primary reasons that young farm women moved from the farm to work in textile mill towns in the early 19th century was
to save their families from economic collapse
to escape unhappy marriages
to pursue career goals
to escape farm life and earn wages
to find husbands

21. Industrialization in the South
effect on slavery in the South
rapid growth in the textile industry encouraged Southern planters to grow cotton, thereby making slavery more important to the economy

22. The invention of the cotton gin increased the intensity of slave labor in the South.
True
False

23. Clay’s American System (1829)
protective tariffs
generate revenue for federal government
preservation of the Bank of the United States
stabilize currency
federal funds for a national transportation system
national roads
national canals
increased trade between all sections of the country