1. Hindi Learning : Day 2

2. Today’s Agenda More Vocabulary Pronouns and examples in usage
Question words and examples in usage
Directions
Recap of Self-Introduction

3. Vocabulary : Recap

4. Come - aa
Hear - sun
Go - jaa
Walk - chal
Talk - bol
Do - kar
Stop - ruk
Study - padh
See - dekh
Sleep - so
Take - lo
Drink - pe
Give - do
Keep - rakh
Open – khol
Buy - kharid

5. Inside a building:1
Roof: chhat
Home: ghar
Door: darvaja
Window: khidhki
Room: kamra
Family:1
mother: ma
Father: pita
Son: beta
Daughter: beti
Direction:
Uttar – north
Dakshin – south
Paschim – west
Poorav – east
Greetings:
Thank you: dhanyavad
Hello: namaste
Good morning : suprabhat
Good evening: shubhsandhya
Good night: subhratri

6. Food:
Rice: chaval
Chappati: roti
Pulses: dal
Fruits:1
Banana: kela
Mango: aam
Measurements:
Big: bada
Small: chota
Days:
Today: aaj
Tomorrow: kal
Yesterday: kal
Day after tomorrow: parso
Birds:1
Crow: kauva
Hen: murgi

7. Vocabulary : New

8. (jii) haan – yes
(jii) nahi – no
Dhanyawaad – thank you
Kripayaa – please
Maaf kijiye – excuse me
Shama kijiye – sorry
-lit. ‘forgive me’
Birds:
Eagle – cheel
Peacock – mor
Owl - ulloo

9. RELATIONS Paternal Grandmother – dadi Paternal Grandfather - dadaa
Maternal Grandfather - naanaa
Maternal Grandmother – naanii
Brother's wife - bhabhi-ji
Sister's husband - jija
Son — beta or putra
Daughter — betii or putrii
Husband — pathi
Wife — patnii

10. NUMBERS 10 – dus 20 – bees 30 – tees 40 – chaalees 50 – pachaas
60 – saatth
70 – sattar
80 – assii
90 – nabbai
100 – sau

11. Q. Who is your best friend ? (Aapka Sabse accha dost kaun hai?)
Ans. _________ is my best friend.(__________ mera sabse accha dost hai.)
Q. How many children do you have?(Aapke kitne bachhe hai?)
Ans. I have ____________ children. (Mere ___________bachhe hai.)

12. Q. How many siblings do you have. (Aapke Kitane Bhai-bahan hai. ) Ans
Q. How many siblings do you have? (Aapke Kitane Bhai-bahan hai? ) Ans. I have ____________and ________. (Mere _________ aur _________hai ) Q. Who are you closest to in your family? (Aapke parivar me aapke sabse kareeb kaun hai? ) Ans. I’m closest to my ___________. (Me sabse kareeb ___________ k hu.)

13. Pronouns

14. Levels of Respect:
While speaking Hindi, there are 3 levels of respect –
The first level is very formal. This is used with adults, strangers and in formal occasions. This is always recommended.
The second level is semi-formal. This is used with people of the same age as us and is a little more fimiliar than the formal level.
The last level is informal. This is used with people that are close to us like friends.

15. Mei – I
I am a teacher.
Mei adhyapak hoon.
Adhyapak – teacher
Hoon – am (sentence ending used with first person pronouns)

16. Aap – you (formal)
You are a student.
Aap vidyaarthi hain.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hain – are (sentence ending used with second person formal)

17. Tum – you (semi-formal)
You are a student.
Tum vidyaarthi ho.
Vidyaarthi – student
Ho – are (sentence ending used with second person semi-formal)

18. Too – you (informal)
You are a student.
Too vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – are (sentence ending used with second person informal)

19. Yaha – he / she / this(third person - formal)
Used when the third person is part of the conversation
He / She is a student.
Yaha vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

20. Waha – he / she / that(third person – formal)
Used when the third person is far away
He / She is a student.
Waha vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

21. Ye – he / she / this(third person – semi-formal)
Used when the third person is part of the conversation
He / She is a student.
Ye vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

22. Wo – he / she / that(third person – semi-formal)
Used when the third person is far away
He / She is a student.
Wo vidyaarthi hai.
Vidyaarthi – student
Hai – is (sentence ending used with third person)

23. Plural Pronouns:
Hum - we
Aap log – you all (formal)
Tum log – you all (informal)
Yaha log – these people (formal)
Way log – those people (formal)
Ye log – these people (informal)
Wo log – those people (formal)
These can be used in the same way as the pronouns given above.
The sentence ending used for these is ‘hein’.
Exception: sentence ending used with ‘tum log’ is ‘ho’.
Eg: Hum vidyaarthi hein.
Tum log vidyaarthi ho.

24. Possessive Pronouns:
Possessive pronoun ends with ‘a’ if the subject of the sentence is male
Possessive pronoun ends with ‘i’ if the subject of the sentence is female
Subject of the sentence may or may not be the person (first, second or third) addressed. It can also be any common noun, abstract noun, verb or adjective.
Possessive pronoun ends with ‘e’ to show direct possession.

25. Mera / Meri / Mere – My
Aapka / Aapki / Aapke – Your (formal)
Tumhara / Tumhari / Tumhare– Your (semi-formal)
Tera / Teri / Tere – Your (informal)
Inka /Inki / Inke – Their (formal)
Iska / Iski / Iske – Their (semi-formal)
Unka / Unki / Unke – Their
Used when the third person is far away

26. My name is Ajay.
Mera naam Ajay hai.
Naam – name
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)
Depending on situation, ‘Mera’ can be substituted with any option on the first two columns.
This pen is hers.
Yaha pen (kalam) uski hai.
This is his bag.
Yaya uska bag hai.

27. I have the book.
Mere paas kitab hai.
Paas – near (in context – in possession of)
Kitab – book
Hai – is (sentence end marker)
Go with him.
Uske saath jaao.
Saath – with
Jaao – go

28. Question Words

29. Kya - what
Kyon - why
Kis - which
Kaha - where
Kitna – how much
Kaun – who
Kab - when

30. What is this?
Yaha kya hai?
Yaha – this
Kya – what
Hai – is (sentence end marker)

31. Why are you doing this?
Aap yaha kyon kar rahe hai?
Aap – you (formal)
Yaha – this
Kyon – why
Kar – do
(kar) rahe – (doing) present continuous marker
Hai – is / are (sentence ending marker)

32. Which university do you study in?
Aap kis uchhavidyalaya me parte hai?
Aap - you
Kis – which
Uchhavidyalaya – university
Me – in
Parte – study
Hai – is / are (sentence ending marker)

33. Where is your home?
Aapkaa ghar kaha hai?
Aapkaa – your
Ghar - home
Kaha – where
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

34. How much is this (priced)?
Yaha kitne ka hai?
Yaha - this
Kitna – how much
Ka – of (indicating the price of object)
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

35. Who is this?
Yaha kaun hai?
Yaha - this
Kaun – who
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)

36. When will we reach?
Hum kab pahunchenge?
Hum – we
Kab - when
(Pahunch)-enge – will (reach)

37. Directions Useful when understanding directions given to oneself
Also used to give directions Eg. To a taxi driver

38. Daaye – right
Uupar – up
Baaye – left
Niche – down
Aage – front
Peechhe – back
Seedhe haath – right hand side
Ulte haath – left hand side
Uttar – north
Dakshin – south
Paschim – west
Poorav – east

39. Yahan daaye mudhiye
Turn right here
Yahan – here
Daaye – right
Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

40. Yahan baaye mudhiye
Turn right here
Yahan – here
Baaye – left
Mudhiye – turn (verb - polite)

41. Siidhe chaliye
Go straight
Siidhe – straight
Chaliye – go (polite)
Piiche jaaiye
Go back
Piiche – back
Jaaiye – go

42. Yaha rok diijiye
Stop here
Yaha – here
Rok – stop
(rok) Diijiye – (stop) do (makes it a verb - polite)
Roko – stop (verb – semi-formal)

43. Self-Introduction

44. Passage:
Namaste. Mera naam Aadarsh hai. Mei 21 saal ka hoon. Mei NIT Trichy me engineering vishay ka chaatra hoon.
  Good afternoon. My name is Aadarsh. I am 21 years old. I study engineering in NIT Trichy.
Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai. Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai.
I like books and my hobby is reading. I also enjoy spending time with my friends and family.
I aspire to be a successful person in the future. What about you?
Mujhe bhavishya me ek safal vyakti banna hai. Aapka kya parichay hai?

45. Vocabulary:
Pasand – like
Naam - name
Aur – and
Unhe – them
Saal - year
Parna – study / read
Ka – of
Ruchi – hobby
Vishay – subject
Apne – my
Chaatra – student
Mitron – friends
Kitaben – books
Pariwaar – family

46. Saath – with
Samay – time
Me – in
Bitana – spending (time)
Ek – one / a
Bhi – also
Safal – successful
Achha – good
Vyakti – person
Lagta – feel
Banna – want to be
Bhavishya – future
Parichay – introduction

47. Grammar:
Aur – and
Used the same way as in English.
Joins two otherwise independent sentences.
Sentence 1: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai.
I like books.
Sentence 2: Unhe parna meri ruchi hai.
Reading them is my hobby.
Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe kitaben pasand hai aur unhe parna meri ruchi hai.
I like books and reading them is my hobby.

48.  Used as conjunction between words.
Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends.
Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my family.
Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron aur pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends and family.

49. Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts.
Bhi – also
Used as a transitional word to indicate two or more similar contexts.
Used at the end of a sentence.
Sentence 1: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends.
Sentence 2: Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my family.
Sentence 1 + 2: Mujhe apne mitron ke saath samay bitana achha lagta hai.
Mujhe apne pariwaar ke saath samay bitana bhi achha lagta hai.
I like spending time with my friends. I also like spending time with my family.

50. Aapka kya parichay hai?
How would you introduce yourself?
Lit. ‘What is your introduction?’
Aapka – your
Kya – what
Parichay – introduction
Hai – is (sentence ending marker)