1. CARBOHYDRATES
L3 Biology

2. Carbs – some facts Examples
Sugars, starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin
Composition
Carbohydrates
C H20
1 : : 1
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

3. Carb?
C6H12O6 Galactose

4. STATION 1: The Floating Can
Mountain Dew contains 46 grams of carbohydrate (sugar).
> DENSE THAN H20!
-SINKS-
Diet Mountain Dew contains 0 grams of carbohydrate.
W/gas = < DENSE THAN H2o!
-FLOATS-
NYC CAMPAIGN

5. STATION 2: Same Formula + Different Structure = Different Molecule!
Glucose: C6H12O6
Fructose: C6H12O6
Same Molecule? Same Taste?
NO! Different Properties!!

6. Carbs – Simple Sugars C6H12O6 Root for carb unit = saccharide ISOMERS
Single carb unit =
monoSACCHARIDE = monomer
Sugars end in -OSE
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE C C C C C C C C C

7. Carbs – Simple Sugars Root for carbs = saccharide Double carb unit =
DIsaccharides
SUCROSE
FRUCTOSE
GLUCOSE

8. Carbs – Simple Sugars Root for carbs = saccharide
Double carb unit = Disaccharides
SUCROSE – TABLE SUGAR
H2O

9. STATION 3: Energy Drinks
Better for energy?
Better for taste?
Gatorade = SUCROSE & DEXTROSE(GLUCOSE!)
Powerade = FRUCTOSE
SUCROSE
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE

10. STATION 3: Energy Drinks
HYDROLYSIS
Better for energy?
Better for taste?
Gatorade = SUCROSE & DEXTROSE(GLUCOSE!)
Powerade = FRUCTOSE
SUCROSE
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE
MUST BE
REARRANGED

11. STATION 3: Energy Drinks
Better for energy?
Better for taste?
Gatorade = SUCROSE & DEXTROSE(GLUCOSE!)
Powerade = FRUCTOSE
SUCROSE
GLUCOSE
FRUCTOSE

12. Carbs – Complex Root for carbs = saccharide Multiple carb units =
POLYsaccharides
Ex/ Starch – breads, potatoes, crackers
POLYsaccharides = POLYmers
Many repeating units of…monosacchari des.
Starch

13. STATION 4: Crackers & Candy
How did they taste?
Candy = “Sweet”
Mono and Disaccharides
SIMPLE SUGARS.
They taste sweet!
Cracker = “Bread, “Starchy”
Polysaccharides
COMPLEX SUGARS
Do not taste sweet.
Cracker sweetens as enzymes break down Polysaccharides into Simple sugars.
REACTION =
HYDROLYSIS

14. STATION 5: Mushrooms, grassshoppers and lobsters
STATION 5: Mushrooms, grassshoppers and lobsters. Carbs – they’re not just sugar
Multiple carb units = POLYsaccharides
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin
Chitin – found in mushrooms, lobsters and insects!

15. Carbs – Complex Root for carbs = saccharide Cellulose = fiber
Not digested
Multiple carb units = POLYsaccharides
Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin
Glycogen = short term energy storage
Starch

16. STATION 6: Carb Reactions
YOUR TURN TO TEACH THE CLASS!

17. Do Now: 1) Review the Dehydration Synthesis for Carbohydrates sheet.
2) Work w/a partner
On scrap paper draw 3 glucose molecules coming together to form a polysaccharide.
What reaction takes place?
How many water molecules must come out?
3) Add another molecule of glucose to the end of your polysaccharide.
How many additional water molecules must come out?
4) If 221 glucose molecules came together – how many total water molecules would have been removed?

18. Closing Carbohydrates
Fructose = C6H12O6 and glucose = C6H12O6, then what is the chemical formula of sucrose?
Do your calculation!
C12H22O11