1. The United Nations

2. You hear about the United Nations (U. N
You hear about the United Nations (U.N.) constantly in the news, although you might not always realize it. Some examples:
“Peacekeeping” operations: Currently, the U.N. has peacekeeping forces in more than a dozen different countries including Sierra Leone, Ethiopia, India, Pakistan, Cyprus and Lebanon.
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA): inspects the nuclear programs of nations to ensure that nuclear materials are not being diverted for military use.
The Earth Summit and the Kyoto Protocol: some of the largest international environmental efforts.
The World Court or International Court of Justice: acts as the judicial portion of the United Nations and hears cases and international disputes from around the world.
The U.N. has this remarkable influence because nearly every nation on the planet is a member.

3. The United Nations… First off… The U.N. is not a world government
Almost all countries in the world are members of the UN.
There are currently 193 “member states”
Headquarters in New York City.
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
located in The Hague in the Netherlands.
Has strength only when enough of the world’s nations agree to work together
Each nation contributes money (dues) to fund the U.N. (more to come later)

4. Founding of the United Nations
October 24th, 1945, United Nations created by Allied Powers of WWII
Its primary goals focus on world peace and the international desire to prevent another world war.
Originally 50 countries were represented
AGAIN…currently has 193 member nations
WHY?
Failure of the League of Nations
LofN was created after WWI to prevent another world war.
It absolutely failed
Major Powers (became permanent members of Security Council…more to come on this in a bit)
United States
France
United Kingdom
Soviet Union (now Russia)
China

5. UN World Headquarters, New York

6. International Court of Justice The Hague, Netherlands

7. Parts of the United Nations
More on this to come…
More on this to come…
More on this to come…
The U.N. is made up of 6 “organs”
The General Assembly – the ‘town meeting’ of the world.
UN Security Council – maintains world peace (most powerful branch)
Economic and Social Council - works with the UN’s economic, cultural, health and educational activities.
Trusteeship Council - territories
ICJ – International Court of Justice
The Secretariat – administrative duties (and can bring any topic before the SC.)

8. Parts of the United Nations
From yesterday, if you remember: The U.N. is made up of 6 “organs”
General Assembly
Security Council
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council
International Court of Justice
And…
The Secretariat

9. The General Assembly
Every member state has a seat at the General Assembly.
Each has one vote
Brings up international issues that they want the Security Council to deal with
Holds elections for Security Council members and other leaders
Passes resolutions on a variety of other measures.

10. The General Assembly (behind the scenes) (craziest moments)

11. UN Security Council The strongest part of the UN
Made up of 15 countries:
The “Permanent Five” countries
Britain, China, France, Russia, and the United States
EACH has the power to veto any substantive resolution; this allows a permanent member to block adoption of a resolution
10 non-permanent countries (elected every two years)
currently Angola, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Chile, Germany, Guinea, Mexico, Pakistan, Spain and Syria
Historically, this organization was developed to encourage all of the allies from WWII to participate in the new United Nations when it was forming.
Maintains international peace
How does it do this:
Recommends peaceful negotiations (peace talks)
Can use Economic Sanctions
Can use Military Sanctions

12. Sanctions (sanctions against North Korea)
Sanctions are used to:
punish a country for violating international law
force a country to follow a law
U.N. sanctions require approval of all five permanent members of Security Council
Types of sanctions:
Diplomatic Sanctions – decrease or remove political ties (like embassies)
Economic Sanctions – ban or restrict trade with a country (except food)
Military Sanctions – using a military to force compliance. (next slide)

13. The UN Security Council

14. Military Sanctions
UN Peacekeepers – a group of armed soldiers sent to a hostile area to promote or maintain peace.
NOT COMBAT TROOPS.
“Blue Helmets”
UN Military Force – an army made up of soldiers from more than one UN country that can serve as combat troops.
Rarely Used

15. UN Peacekeepers Always wear blue berets or helmets to identify themselves.

16. UN Peacekeepers

17. The Secretariat Executive “branch” of the U.N. Secretary General– 5 yr
seen as the “world moderator” (as envisioned by FDR)
Serves as the chief administrative officer
50K+ workers in various agencies and offices
Antonio Guterres: Portugal
 (appointed by the General Assembly on October 13th, 2016.

18. Lastly…Funding Comes from the member nations.
The General Assembly is in charge of ratifying a budget and deciding how much money each nation will pay into the system.
broadly based on the relative capacity of each country to pay, as measured by its gross national income (GNI)
The two-year budget for 2016–17 is $5.57 billion in total.
Money gets divided into three areas:
The normal U.N. operating budget
The peacekeeping budget
Voluntary contributions, mostly for humanitarian efforts

19. -------------------------------------------------
4th Period C.W.I. TODAY:
READ “Student Handout Background on the United Nations”
Answer questions that go with reading (on BACK of reading)
ALSO: Quiz tomorrow (on Foreign Policy & U.N.)
*Questions Due TOMORROW (Thursday, 9/28)

20. The Structure and Operation of the U.N.