1. Chapter 8 lesson 4 Section 5: Gender Development
NOTE:
To change the image on this slide, select the picture and delete it. Then click the Pictures icon in the placeholder to insert your own image.
Section 5: Gender Development
Section 6: Moral Development
Section 7: Death, Dying, and Grieving
Section 8: Active Development as a Lifelong Process

2. 5. Gender Development
Gender

3. A. Biology and Gender Development

4. B. Cognitive Aspects of Gender Development
Gender Schema
framework for understanding male/female
Social Learning: reinforcement, punishment, observational learning, modeling

5. C. Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
Gender Roles
expectations for how males/females should act, feel and think.
Cultural differences
Gender Similarities Hypothesis
Males & females are more similar than different.

6. D. Nature and Nurture Revisited: The John/Joan Case

7. 6. Moral Development

8. A. Kohlberg’s Theory Preconventional Conventional Postconventional
presented moral dilemmas and analyzed responses
Preconventional
behavior guided by punishments and rewards
Conventional
standards learned from parents and society
Postconventional
contracts, rights and abstract principles
Suggestion: Have class work through one of Kohlberg’s moral dilemmas.
Note: Because Kohlberg’s theory parallels Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, it may be helpful to point out the similarities / overlap.
Note: Instructors should point out that as moral development proceeds, morality shifts from being externally controlled to internally controlled
Photo credit: © Lee Lockwood/Time & Life Pictures/Getty Images, PhotoLink/Getty Images
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

9. Misses other Reasoning Styles
B. Critics of Kohlberg
Misses other Reasoning Styles
justice perspective (men) < Kohlberg
care perspective (women) < Gilligan
etc. (liberty, loyalty, purity…)
Moral Reasoning ≠ Moral Behavior
what we say and do are not always consistent.
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

10. C. Moral Development in a Socioemotional Context
Prosocial Behavior
supportive parenting
peers, schools, culture
cognition & personality
Conscience Formation
forms by age 3 and carries over into adulthood
parent-child interactions
clear, elaborate, rich with emotional content
shared positive emotion
Photo credit: Jupiterimages
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

11. Moral Development
Parenting Strategies Associated with Morality in Children:
warm and supportive rather than harsh
reasoning with child when disciplining
help child learn to take others’ perspective
involve child in decision making
model moral behavior and thinking
Photo credit: Comstock/Jupiter Images
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

12. 7. Death, Dying, and Grieving
A. Terror Management Theory
Earnest Becker
Cultural shield against anticipated death
B. Kübler-Ross’s Stages of Dying
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display

13. 7. Death, Dying, and Grieving (2)
C. Bonanno’s Theory of Grieving
Resilience
Recovery
Chronic dysfunction
Delayed grief or trauma
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display
Photo credit: Photostock/Superstock

14. D. Carving Meaning Out of the Reality of Death

15. 8. Active Development as a Lifelong Process
Active Developer
Shaped by confronting significant life events
coping with stress
openness to change
(c) McGraw-Hill Education
Permission required for reproduction or display