1. Origins of the Cold War 1945-1949

3. Marxist Ideology:
Capitalism is Alienating - Modern work is specialized, hard for workers to understand their contribution to society
Modern work is Insecure- people are expendable in capitalist system
Workers are Paid Little, Capitalists get Rich
Capitalism is Unstable and unpredictable. Crisis of Abundance. Can lead to War.
Capitalism is Bad for Capitalists- Commodity Fetishism- People are told to gauge success in terms of wealth. We worship objects and oppress our true desires.
Evils of Capitalism teaches us to be anxious, competitive, conformist, and politically complacent
Stalin History.com facts:
Epic Rap Battles of History Rasputin vs. Stalin

4. Roots of the Cold War American View Russian View:
Since 1917, Americans believed Soviets were committed to world revolution and destruction of capitalism
Belief subversion would destroy democratic systems
Distrust of Joseph Stalin- Brutality of his rule and non- aggression pact with Hitler, 1939
Truman thought no difference between Hitler and Stalin
Co- existence with capitalist society is impossible
America’s economic aspirations and demands for open markets precipitated Imperialism
English and Americans plan to delay second front on the Nazis until 1944 caused more soviet casualties
Americans cooperated with British on Atomic bomb, but not the soviets
CNN Cold War episode 1
Roots of the Cold War

5. Legacy of World War II Watch Video Clip- The Fallen of WWII
Who suffered the most? How much Military and Civilian Deaths?
What was the human cost of WWII?
Berlin-
Warsaw

6. Legacy of World War II
Societies were crippled, nations devastated, and the pre-war international system shattered
60-70 million people dead
People homeless, farm land despoiled, livestock destroyed, famine and disease.
Beginning of the Collapse of Colonialism- independence of Africa, Middle East and Asia
Great Britain bankrupt
Civil War in Greece and China
Independence of India. Partition- India and Pakistan made separate countries
U.S. and U.S.S.R. only countries which could project power beyond their borders
Beginning of the “American Century” and global supremacy
Pictures of Europe after WWII destruction-
Daily Mail- Neighbor turns on neighbor
CNN Cold War ep 2 greek civil war 14 min

7. Before the War: World Order

8. The Cold War was never actually “officially” declared.
Two speeches mark The onset of the struggle: - In 1946, Stalin made a speech (“Two Worlds”) - In that same year, Winston Churchill, made his famous “iron curtain” speech.

9. Do-Now Read Documents 1-4 Truman, Zhukov/ Churchill, Stalin
Answer Questions
Wait for Discussion
Potsdam CNN Cold War episode 1

10. Stalin’s Speech, Feb.9,1946 What did Stalin blame World War II on?
If you were a western leader, how would you interpret his speech?
According to Vladislav Zubok, did Stalin want to further the cause of Communist Revolution across the world and overthrow of Capitalism ?
What does the speech reveal about Stalin, the man?
History.com- Stalin- Fast Facts:
CNN Cold War ep 2 24:40 min

11. Stalin

12. “Iron Curtain”-March 5, 1946
1. What is the “iron curtain?” 2. What threat do the Soviets pose? 3. What allusions does Churchill make in the third paragraph? 4. What was this speech so significant?

13. “Iron Curtain” Speech- Winston Churchill, March 5, 1946
From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.
In a great number of countries, .. the Communist parties or fifth columns constitute a growing challenge and peril to Christian civilization.
Last time I saw it all coming and I cried aloud to my own fellow countrymen and to the world, but no one paid any attention. Up till the year 1933 or even 1935, Germany might have been saved from the awful fate which has overtaken her and we might all have been spared the miseries Hitler let loose upon mankind. There never was a war in history easier to prevent by timely action than the one which has just desolated such great areas of the globe. It could have been prevented, in my belief, without the firing of a single shot, and Germany might be powerful, prosperous and honored today; but no one would listen and one by one we were all sucked into the awful whirlpool. We must not let it happen again.
Churchill Bio-
Churchill speech-

15. Yalta Conference Plans for the post war world in February 1945
agree to establish peacekeeping forces
discuss governments of east Europe
Soviets will declare war on Japan when Nazis are defeated
Laid plans for United Nations
Stalin broke most of his pledges regarding east Europe
Yalta intended as a beginning understanding between Soviets and US
US-Soviet Tensions
US did not share atomic information with Soviets
Conflict over who and how Europe would be influenced
Bretton Woods (1944) established International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank to help development of Third World – Soviets refuse to participate
United Nations
Created in San Francisco in 1945 – established international governing body
Potsdam

16. CNN- Cold War Documentary
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Iron Curtain/ Turkey/ Iran 29 min to end
Crash Course #38
SMF_D0

17. Dreams of a Post-War World
The American
Vision:
The Soviet
Vision
The U.S. hoped to share with the world elements of a democratic life: liberty, equality, and representative government.
The U.S. sought to protect its economic interests by ensuring a worldwide market for its products (free trade).
The internationalist view that open, inter-dependent markets and democratic societies do not fight each other.
Technology made the world smaller, best defense was a strong offense- bases overseas
American technology was intimidating
To secure borders, prevent invasion, and establish “satellite states”
War with America, the “Capitalist imperialists” was inevitable
Because the Soviets had suffered such significant losses in the war (20 million), they were determined to rebuild on their own terms.
School of life Capitalism -
School of life- Karl Marx
Crash course- Capitalism and Socialism
Crash Course Cold War
USA vs USSR Crash Course
Dreams of a Post-War World

18. Why does the U.S. Military Have so Many Bases Around the World?
How many bases does the U.S. outside the U.S.?
Why are they a result of WWII?
How much does it cost per year to maintain?
Vox-

19. The Polish Question: After the war was over, the U.S.
and the Soviet Union clashed over
the issue of Poland.
Poland was “liberated” by Soviet Army
- Katyn Massacre, 1940
- Warsaw Uprising, August-October 1944
- Arrest/ deportation of Polish Resistance
Fighters
Truman- The new Polish gov’t should have
representatives freely and democratically elected.
Stalin- Poland was so close to the Soviet Union, the Soviets must be allowed to have a strong influence there.
Poland was a “Gateway” for Napoleon and Hitler
Stalin wanted to protect the security of his
own nation. He could do so by ensuring that Poland remain under Soviet influence.
Life in Post War Eastern Europe-
27 minutes to 33 Forgotten Holocaust-
Battle of Warsaw 41:30- end
Katyn Movie

20. “The Long Telegram” and Containment
To address concerns Americans had about the Soviets, they adopted a policy called ‘containment.’
– Crafted after George Kennan (a top-
ranking diplomat stationed in
Moscow) wrote an article in “Foreign
Affairs” journal (1947)
Said it was necessary to contain the Soviet threat against any part of the world
Containment is defined as the need for the United States to remove any opportunities for its enemy to establish communist governments in other countries.
This was accomplished through both persuasion and force.

21. Read “Long Telegram” and Answer: Be sure to highlight and write a list of quotes in your note book that will help you answer
1) According to Kennan, what were the main reasons for the Soviets' "neurotic view of world affairs?" To what extent was it the result of Russian/Soviet history, Marxist ideology, or western actions? Where does their aggressive policies stem from- Strength or weakness?
2) What did Kennan believe were the main international goals of the Soviet Union?
3) According to Kennan, what were the prospects that the United States and other western nations would be able to meet Soviet challenges? What policies should they adopt or actions should they take?
4) Why do you think Kennan's Long Telegram aroused so much interest in Washington in early 1946? What contributions, if any, do you think Kennan made to the emergence of the Cold War?

22. Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
US would support “free people resisting subjugation”
Led to US interfering with Soviets in Greece and Turkey
Resulted in US support of many leaders/groups claiming to resist communism
Watch “CNN The Cold War Episode 3- The Marshall Plan
Answer Worksheet
History.com- Truman Doctrine Audio-

23. Containment
Long Telegram and Truman Doctrine led to policy of containment
Established commitment to large peace time military
Marshall Plan
Provided food and money to rebuild Europe
Attempt to avoid economic crisis similar to post World War I
Try to prevent attractiveness of communism
Offered to East Europe in effort to take them away from Stalin
Soviet-led coup in Czechoslovakia encouraged Congressional support for plan
National Security Act (1947) creates:
Department of Defense (Pentagon)
National Security Council (NSC) to advise president on security
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to gather facts
Voice of America – began transmitting American propaganda
National security act of 1947 overview-

25. How was the Marshall Plan:
Altruistic
Self-Serving
Antagonistic

27. Germany and the Berlin Airlift
Nuremberg Trials held German leaders responsible for WWII and Holocaust
Many were jailed or executed for crimes against humanity
Soviets wanted to confiscate factories that supported Nazi war effort
Concerned with the deteriorating economic situation in the western zones, U.S. pumped aid through the Marshall Plan in to W. Germany which got economic recovery underway.
Soviets resisted any attempt to rebuild Germany; US supported it to create an ally
Germany was divided into 4 occupation zones
Berlin Airlift (1948)
Soviets tried to force Allies from Berlin by blockading it; Truman sent supplies by air until USSR backed down
Berlin Blockade-

28. Berlin Blockade- Occupation zones

29. The Berlin Blockade June 1948-May 1949
Truman did not want to risk starting a war with the Soviet Union by forcing open the trade routes, nor give up West Berlin
Berlin Airlift- moved supplies into West Berlin by plane. This went on for over a year.
- 300,000 flights
- 2.3 million tons Cargo
The airlift was a success for u.s. and publicly humiliated the Soviets
By the time the Soviet blockade was ended in May 1949, the Marshall Plan had succeeded in strengthening capitalist nations
in Western Europe.

32. America Rearms NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Signed April 4, 1949
Member nations pledge to support each other if attacked
Helped unify Europe and led to Arms Race
Reconstruction in Japan
Gen Douglas MacArthur took responsibility for governance of Japan
Japan cooperated and democratized quickly to end occupation earlier
Civil War in China
Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai Shek) led Nationalists against Mao Tse Tung of the Communists
Communists win and Nationalists retreated to Taiwan
Soviets become atomic power
1949 Soviets develop atomic bomb with the help from Julius and Ethel Rosenberg –American spies for Soviets
US responded by building H-Bomb 1952; Soviets get one in 1953
NATO Charter-
VOX- Trump/ NATO

33. NATO Charter Article 5 Article 5
The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken

35. Division of Germany
In Oct. 1949, the Soviets formed a separate government:
In East- German Democratic
Republic
In West- Federal Republic of
Germany in May 1949.
E. Germans fleeing to W. Germany strained E-W relations in the 1950s.
1952, Soviets ceil border
August 1961 the construction
of the Berlin Wall began.

37. DBE Writing Prompts
Use the Documents discussed in class to address one of the following Theses:
A. Did President Truman correctly interpret Soviet Intentions?
B. Was Containment a wise foreign policy in the late 1940s or was
it too moderate?
C. Did Joseph Stalin want the Cold War?
Sources:
Gillon, Steven M. “Specter of Appeasement: The Cold War, ” American Paradox. Wadsworth, rd Edition. Pgs
“Stalin’s Election Speech, Feb. 9, 1946.” Speeches Delivered at Meeting of Voters of the Stalin Electoral District, Moscow Dec. 11, 1937 and Feb. 9, 1946.
“The Iron Curtain.” The Cold War. CNN. Atlanta, 1998.
“The Marshall Plan.” The Cold War. CNN. Atlanta, 1998.
Kennen, George. “The Long Telegram.1946.”
“A Conversation with Kennen’s Biographer.” the Economist. Nov. 28, Web Edition.
Doc 1.- Harry S. Truman. Year of Decisions. Doubleday, New York, P. 416

38. Atomic Bomb Doc The Living Weapon PBSxt
BBC-

39. Red Scare
Loyalty Review Board (1947) investigated federal employees to determine if they were communists
Dennis v. US (1951) Supreme Court upheld convictions of communists under the Smith Act (1940) for advocating overthrow of government.
HUAC – House Committee on Un-American Activities
Searched for communist influences in US
Blacklists – actors, etc had careers ruined
Alger Hiss Case
Led by Richard Nixon, he convicted Hiss, of being a spy
Was a famous case – Nixon used “pumpkin papers” to convict him
Established Nixon as major national figure
Local anti-communist efforts
Feared communism led to changes in social values
Took books from libraries and textbooks because of communist themes
Hunt for communism turned into a witch hunt and some began to resist its efforts
Julius and ethel rosenberg

40. Election of 1948 Democrat candidates
Harry Truman – campaigned nationwide with “give ‘em hell” speeches against Congress
Dixiecrats – Strom Thurmond
Southern Democrats who opposed desegregation and favored States’ Rights
Henry Wallace - Progressive Party
Opposed Truman’s policies against USSR but was seen as too soft on communism
Republicans
Thomas Dewey of New York
Truman wins the election on strength of blacks, farmers and workers
Truman wanted to send aid to poor countries to help prevent them becoming communist
Truman’s Fair deal
Created jobs
Ended job discrimination
Built public housing
Was opposed by Republicans and Dixiecrats
22nd Amendment (1947)
Limits President to 2 terms

41. Cnn- Cold War Episode 6- Reds
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