Chapter 17 First Aid.

Chapter 17 First Aid

Bell Ringer: Ch. 17.1 Key Terms
Take out a brand new sheet of paper. Place your headings Name, date and period at the top right hand corner. Label assignment: “Bell Ringer: Chapter 17.1 Key Terms” Define Terms: Abrasion - Diabetic Coma Amputation - Diaphoresis Avulsion - Dislocation Bandages Burn Cerebrovascular Accident Convulsion

Agenda Bell Ringer – Key Terms Updates/Reminders Homework
Chapter 17.1: Providing First Aid Notes Classwork: Ch. 17.1 Pass out papers

Reminders / Updates: Gradebooks close Thursday
Students have the responsibility of checking on their grades for missing assignments regularly. Students have the responsibility of making up missing assignments otherwise they will receive a zero for missing assignments.

Homework Bring Index Cards
Research these First-Aid Related Health Careers on the internet. Give a brief description of what these specialists do and what their responsibilities entail. (2-3 sentences minimum) Disaster Medicine Specialist Emergency Medical Technician Emergency Medicine Physician First Responder Paramedic Bring Index Cards

First Aid and CPR CPR in Shanghai Marathon Sudden Cardiac Arrest

17:1 Providing First Aid Chapter Objectives
Demonstrate cardiopulmonary resuscitation for one-person rescue, two-person rescue, infants, children, and obstructed airway victims.

17:1 Providing First Aid Chapter Objectives (cont.)
Describe first aid for: Bleeding and wounds, shock, poisoning, burns, heat exposure, cold exposure, bone and joint injuries, including fractures, specific injuries to the eyes, head, nose, ears, chest, abdomen, and genital organs. Sudden illness including heart attack, stroke, fainting, convulsions, and diabetic reactions.

17:1 Providing First Aid Chapter Objectives
Apply dressings and bandages, observing all safety precautions and using the circular, spiral, figure-eight, and recurrent, or finger wrap. Define, pronounce, and spell all key words

Notes: 17.1 Providing First Aid
Take notes when prompted. Quizzes will be based from notes taken in class. Students are responsible for all notes in class.

17:1 Providing First Aid Immediate care given to the victim of an accident or illness to minimize the effect of injury or illness until experts can take over Can mean the difference between life and death, recovery versus permanent disability

Basic Principles of First Aid
When it comes to an emergency…Always Remember! Remain calm and avoid panic Evaluate situation thoroughly Have a reason for anything you do Treatment will vary based on injury or illness, environment, others present, equipment or supplies on hand, availability of medical help

First step: recognize that an emergency exists Use all senses to detect problems Sometimes signs of emergency are obvious and at other times they are less obvious Next step: take action to assist victim(s) Check scene and make sure approach is safe If not safe, call for medical help If safe, approach the victim

Take out a brand new sheet of paper. Place your headings Name, date and period at the top right hand corner. Label assignment: “Bell Ringer: Chapter 17 Key Terms pt. 2” Define Terms: Dressing - Heat cramps Fainting - Heat exhaustion First aid - Heat stroke Fracture Frostbite Heart attack

Homework Research these First-Aid Related Health Careers on the internet. Due: Periods 1-2: Tuesday 10/31/2017 Periods 5-7: Wednesday 11/01/2017 Finish Key Terms Flashcards Ch Quiz Next week Periods 1-2: Thursday 11/02/2017 Periods 5-7: Friday 11/03/2017

Avoid dangerous pitfalls and provide efficient care Call emergency medical services (EMS) as soon as possible

If possible, obtain the victim’s permission before providing any care Triage if necessary Treat life-threatening injuries first Examine the victim thoroughly

Have a sound reason for any action you take Report abnormalities to EMS Obtain as much information about accident, injury, or illness as possible

Summary Obtain qualified help as soon as possible
Avoid any unnecessary movement of victim Reassure victim If victim is unconscious or vomiting, avoid giving anything to eat or drink Protect victim from cold or chilling; avoid overheating

Summary Work quickly and in an organized and efficient manner
Do not make a diagnosis or discuss condition with observers at scene Maintain confidentiality/right to privacy Avoid further injury

Bell Ringer: Ch pg What are 10 examples of things that might alert you of an emergency? When observing if a scene of an emergency is safe, what are things that the rescuer should take mental note of? True or False: You should always obtain consent prior to providing first aid to a victim unless they are unconscious. Name 10 examples of life-threatening emergencies. Name 8 things you should do when examining a victim.

17:2 Performing Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): Cardio: heart Pulmonary: lungs Resuscitation: to remove from apparent death or unconsciousness When performing CPR, you breathe for patient and circulate blood

17:2 Performing CPR Purpose: keep oxygenated blood flowing to brain and other vital body organs Performed until the heart and lungs start working again or until medical help is available Clinical versus biological death

Components of CPR C-A-B-D C stands for circulation A stands for airway
B stands for breathing D stands for defibrillation

Components of CPR Automated external defibrillator (AED)
Provides electric shock to restore normal electrical pattern and rhythm Adult and child shock dosages Use CPR until an AED is available

Basic Principles of CPR
Evaluate victim’s condition before starting CPR Check if patient is conscious If unconscious, check for breathing If not breathing, call for help

If alone, call before providing care to Unconscious adult Unconscious child at puberty Unconscious infant or child with high risk for heart problem Victim with sudden cardiac arrest

Shout for help and start CPR for Unconscious child or infant (age 1 year to puberty) Victim of drowning or near drowning Victim with cardiac arrest caused by drug overdose or trauma

If no help arrives, administer five cycles of CPR, then call for EMS Return to providing care Check carotid pulse in neck to determine whether cardiac compression is needed If no pulse within 10 seconds, start compressions

Place your headings Name, date and period at the top right hand corner. Label assignment: “Bell Ringer: Chapter 17 Key Terms pt. 3” Define Terms on pg. 479 Hemorrhage -Sprain Hypothermia - Strain Incision -Stroke Infection - Triage Insulin shock - Wound Laceration Poinsoning Puncture Shock

Agenda Bell Ringer (Complete Definitions pg. 479) Ch. 17.2 Adult CPR
AHA OHCA Chain of Survival CPR Hands only practice

Correct hand placement is needed before performing chest compressions Refer to Figures 17-6A and 17-6B in Text After 30 compressions, open airway using head-tilt/chin-lift method

CPR for Adults One-person adult rescue for adult
30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations (30:2 ratio) Two-person adult rescue for adult 30 compressions by one rescuer followed with 2 ventilations by the second rescuer (30:2 ratio)

Bell Ringer: AHA Workbook pg. 11 (#1-4 all)
Write out each question and answer for each. For each answer, write out both the letter choice and the actual answer Similar Questions will be on the AHA Exam

Agenda Bell Ringer (AHA Workbook part 1) Notes
AHA Training Videos Lesson 2 (Parts 1-5) Classwork / Check for make-ups Reminders / Updates

Homework Due: A-Day: Friday 11/17/2017 B-Day: Monday 11/20/2017
Ch. 17: Key Term Flash Cards (34 terms) Notebook Checks DO NOT THROW AWAY OLD NOTES! We will be revisiting medical terminology 3rd quarter All Notes, Bell Ringers/ Ch. 17 Key Terms (34 terms), and classwork Study for Quiz on Ch. 17 Key Terms (All 34 terms)

American Heart Association OHCA Adult Chain of Survival
Immediate recognition and Activation of EMS Early CPR Rapid Defibrillation Effective ALS, stabilization and transport Multidisciplinary Post Cardiac Arrest Care

AHA OHCA First Aid Steps: Adult 1-Rescuer Sequence
Verify Scene Safety Check Responsiveness If unresponsive Shout and Call for help Activate EMS / Call for AED Check Vitals If no pulse, begin CPR AED: Turn-On and follow prompts

Classwork: Finish Ch. 17 Vocab Flash Cards (34 terms in total)
Ensure that you have all of Ch. 17 definitions from pg Notebook check for notes and flashcards due for grade

AHA Video Training AHA Training Videos Lesson 2: Parts 1-5
Adult Chain of Survival Scene Safety and Assessment Adult Compressions Pocket Mask 1-Rescuer Adult BLS

Bell Ringer: AHA Workbook pg. 31 (# 1-7 all)

Agenda Bell Ringer (AHA Workbook part 2)
Reminders / Updates / Homework Notes – High Quality CPR AHA Training (Participation Grade) Hands on Practice- Lesson 2-3 1 Rescuer BLS AED & Bag Mask Video Lesson 4: 2-Rescuer BLS

Homework Due: A-Day: Friday 11/17/2017 B-Day: Monday 11/20/2017
Ch. 17: Key Term Flash Cards (34 terms) Notebook Checks DO NOT THROW AWAY OLD NOTES! We will be revisiting medical terminology 3rd quarter All Notes, Bell Ringers/ Ch. 17 Key Terms (34 terms), and classwork Study for Quiz on Ch. 17 Key Terms (All 34 terms)

AHA: Critical Concepts: High –Quality CPR
Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest. Push hard, push fast: Compress at a rate of /min with a depth of Adults: 2 inches (5cms) Children: 2 inches (5cms) , or1/3 depth of chest Infants: 1.5 inches (4cms) or 1/3 depth of chest

AHA: Critical Concepts: High –Quality CPR
Allow for complete chest recoil after each compression. Minimize interruptions in compressions (less than 10 seconds of interruptions). Give effective breaths that make the chest rise. Avoid excessive ventilation.

AHA Hands-On Training:
Lesson 2: 1 –Rescuer BLS Adult Chain of Survival Scene Safety and Assessment Adult Compressions Pocket Mask 1-Rescuer BLS Lesson 3: AED & Bag Mask Device

Bell Ringer: AHA Workbook pg. 40 (# 1-7 1-4 all) pg.44 (#1-3 all)

Agenda Bell Ringer (AHA Workbook part 3-4)
Part 3: AED Part 4: Team Dynamics Reminders / Updates / Homework Notes – AED & 2 AHA Training (Participation Grade) Hands on Practice- Lesson 2-3 1 Rescuer BLS AED & Bag Mask Video Lesson 4: 2-Rescuer BLS

Homework Due by Next Class
Copy Powerpoint notes into notebooks. (Slides 51-53) AHA: Universal Steps for Operating an AED AHA: OHCA First-Aid Steps Adult 2-Rescuer Sequence

AHA Training Videos Lesson 4: 2-Rescuer Adult BLS (12 mins)
Lesson 5: Team Dynamics (13 mins) Team Dynamics Successful Resuscitation Teams

AHA: Universal Steps for Operating an AED
Open the carrying case. Power-On the AED. Attach pads to the victim’s bare chest. Choose adult pads (not child pads) Attach the AED connecting cables to the AED device. (some AED cables are already preconnected to the device) “Clear the victim” and allow the AED to Analyze rhythm. The AED will tell you if shock is needed “Clear the victim” if it advises a shock Press the shock button if shock is advised. If no shock is needed, and after any shock delivery, immediately resume CPR, starting with chest compressions. After about 5 cycles or 2 mins of CPR, the AED will prompt you to repeat steps 4-8.

AHA: OHCA First-Aid Steps Adult 2-Rescuer Sequence
Verify Scene Safety Check for responsiveness Tap and Shout “Hey, are you okay?” If victim is not responsive: The first rescuer assesses the victim, 2nd rescuer activate EMS and retrieve AED and emergency equipment.

AHA: OHCA First-Aid Steps Adult 2-Rescuer Sequence
While Rescuer 2 is fetching AED, Rescuer 1 checks vitals If no pulse, Rescuer 1 begin CPR Rescuer 2 apply AED Rescuer 1 (Compressions): At the victim’s side Rescuer 2 (breaths): At the victim’s head Switch roles taking less than 5 seconds to switch

CPR for Infants CPR for infants (birth to 1 year)
30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for one rescuer (30:2 ratio) 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for two rescuers (15:2 ratio)

CPR for Children CPR for children (1 year to puberty)
30 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for one rescuer (30:2 ratio) 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations for two rescuers (15:2 ratio)

Choking Victims If conscious and coughing, talking or making noise
Airway is not completely obstructed Encourage to cough hard

Choking Victims In conscious but not able to talk, make noise, or breathe Airway is completely obstructed Administer abdominal thrusts

Choking Victims If unconscious with obstructed airway Begin CPR
Start with compressions If object is visible try to remove it

Choking Victims If victim is an infant (birth to one year)
Give 5 back blows Give 5 chest thrusts Check mouth Remove visible obstruction

Choking Victims If victim is child aged 1 to 12
Follow sequence used for adult If victim is pregnant or obese Perform chest thrusts

Choking Victims Once CPR is started, continue unless
Victim recovers, starts to breathe Qualified help arrives Physician orders you to discontinue

Choking Victims Once CPR is started, continue unless
Rescuer becomes physically exhausted and cannot continue Scene is unsafe Legally valid DNR order is provided

17:3 Providing First Aid for Bleeding and Wounds
Wound is an injury to soft tissues Open Break in skin or mucous membranes Closed No break in skin or mucous membranes, but injury occurs to underlying tissues

Types of Open Wounds Abrasion Incision Laceration Puncture Avulsion
Amputation

Controlling Bleeding First priority because victim can bleed to death quickly Bleeding can come from arteries, veins, or capillaries Observe standard precautions

Controlling Bleeding Four methods Direct pressure Elevation
Pressure bandages Pressure on pressure points

Controlling Bleeding After severe bleeding is controlled, obtain medical help Do not disturb clots Do not remove dressings Do not attempt to clean wound

Minor Wounds First priority—prevention of infection
Wash hands before caring for wound Put on gloves Wash wound with soap, water, sterile gauze Rinse wound with cool water Use sterile supplies

Minor Wounds Signs of infection Fever Swelling Heat Pus Red streaks
Redness Pain

Minor Wounds Tetanus bacteria can easily enter an open wound
Can cause serious illness or death Most common in puncture wounds, wounds with damage to tissue underneath skin Get tetanus shot or booster as needed

Minor Wounds Objects may remain in tissues or become embedded in wound
Splinters, pieces of glass, or small stones If superficial, gently remove Objects embedded in tissues should be left for removal by physician

Closed Wounds Can occur anywhere on body as result of injury
If bruise, use cold application to reduce swelling Observe for signs of internal bleeding Get medical help

Closed Wounds Symptoms of internal bleeding
Pain, tenderness, swelling, deformity, cold clammy skin, blood pressure drop, restlessness, excessive thirst, vomited blood, blood in urine or feces Check breathing and treat for shock Avoid unnecessary movement No food or fluids to victim

17:4 Providing First Aid for Shock
Also called hypoperfusion Shock Signs and symptoms of inadequate blood supply to body organs, especially brain and heart Can lead to death Refer to Table 17-1 in Text

Causes of Shock Hemorrhage Chemical/drug/gas poisoning Excessive pain
Lack of oxygen Infection Psychological trauma Heart attack Dehydration Stroke

Signs and Symptoms Skin is pale or cyanotic
Skin is cool or cold to the touch Diaphoresis Rapid and weak pulse Respirations rapid, shallow, and may be irregular

Signs and Symptoms Blood pressure very low or unobtainable
General weakness Anxiety and extreme restlessness Excessive thirst, nausea, and/or vomiting Blurred vision or change in appearance of eyes or pupils

Treatment for Shock Shock is life-threatening
Reduce effects or eliminate cause of shock Position victim based on injuries to improve circulation Cover patient to avoid chilling/exposure Provide adequate oxygen

Treatment for Shock Watch for signs of shock when providing first aid for any illness or injury Obtain medical help as soon as possible if shock is suspected Refer to Procedure 17:4 in Text

17:5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning
Can happen to anyone, at any age Can be via ingestion, inhalation, injection, skin contact Poison Any substance that causes a harmful reaction to the outside or inside of the body

17:5 Providing First Aid for Poisoning
Immediate action is needed Anaphylactic shock is a common reaction Refer to Table 17-1 in Text First aid varies depending on type of poison, injury involved, and method of contact

Ingestion Poisoning First objective is to prevent absorption
Call poison control center (PCC) or emergency medical services (EMS) Save label of substance taken Calculate/estimate amount of substance taken and time consumed

Ingestion Poisoning If victim vomits, save sample
If PCC recommends vomiting, induce vomiting Activated charcoal may be recommended to bind to poison and halt absorption Only give to victims who are conscious and can swallow

Inhalation Poisoning Remove victim from area before treatment
If area is unsafe, do not enter Do not breathe when rescuing patient After rescue, check patient’s breathing Provide artificial respiration if needed Obtain medical help

Contact Poisoning For chemicals or poisons
Use large amounts of water to flush skin Remove contaminated clothing/jewelry Call PCC or physician Obtain medical help

Contact Poisoning For contact with poisonous plants
Wash area with soap and water Use Calamine/Caladryl if rash or weeping sores develop If severe or affecting large body areas/face, obtain medical help

Injection Poisoning Occurs when insect, spider, or snake bites or stings an individual If arm or leg affected, keep below heart level Insect stings Remove stinger, wash area, apply sterile dressing and cold pack

Injection Poisoning Embedded ticks Snake or spider bite
Remove with tweezers, wash area with soap and water, apply antiseptic, watch for infection, obtain medical help Snake or spider bite Wash wound, immobilize injured area (lower than heart), monitor breathing, obtain medical help

Injection Poisoning Watch for allergic reaction for any injection poisoning Redness and swelling at site, itching, hives, pain, swelling of throat, difficult/labored breathing, change in level of consciousness Refer to Figure 7-23 in Text

17:6 Providing First Aid for Burns
Injury caused by fire, heat, chemical agents, radiation, and/or electricity Classifications of burns Superficial (first-degree) Partial-thickness (second-degree) Full-thickness (third-degree)

Treatment Remove source of heat Cool affected skin area Cover the burn
Relieve pain Observe for and treat shock Prevent infection

Treatment Usually not required for superficial and mild partial-thickness burns Rule of nines Refer to Figure 17-26 How to treat superficial and mild partial-thickness burns

Treatment How to treat severe partial- or full-thickness burns
How to treat chemical burns If eyes are burned by chemicals or irritating gases, flush with large amounts of water for 15 to 30 minutes Dehydration can result quickly with severe burns

17:7 Providing First Aid for Heat Exposure
Overexposure to heat may cause a chemical imbalance in the body that can lead to death Occurs when water and salt are lost through perspiration Also occurs when body cannot eliminate excess heat

Heat cramps Caused by exposure to heat Muscle pains and spasms from loss of water, salt Firm pressure on cramped muscle to provide relief Provide rest and move to cooler area Small sips of water or electrolyte solution

Heat exhaustion Occurs when exposed to heat with loss of fluids through sweating Signs and symptoms Can develop into heat stroke if not treated First aid care

Heat stroke Prolonged exposure to higher than normal temperatures Medical emergency requiring immediate care Body unable to eliminate excess heat; internal body temperature rises to 105°F

Heat stroke Normal body defenses for temperature control no longer function Signs and symptoms First aid care geared toward quickly cooling the body

17:8 Providing First Aid for Cold Exposure
Exposure to cold temperatures can cause body tissues to freeze, body processes to slow down Needs immediate attention, as death may result Degree of injury affected by wind velocity, humidity, length of exposure to cold

Hypothermia When body temperature is less than 95°F (35°C) Caused by prolonged exposure to cold Signs and symptoms Death possible if body processes are too slowed down First aid care includes slow warming

Frostbite Freezing of tissue fluids with damage to skin and underlying tissues Caused by exposure to freezing or below-freezing temperatures Early signs and symptoms are redness and tingling Other signs and symptoms as frostbite progresses

Frostbite Objectives of first aid Common sites: fingers, toes, ears, nose, cheeks First aid care: avoid further injury Assess for signs and symptoms of shock and treat as needed

17:9 Providing First Aid for Bone and Joint Injuries
Frequently occur during accidents or falls with variety of injuries Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains May have more than one type of injury to bones and joints at the same time

Fractures Break in the bone Closed or simple fracture
Compound or open fracture Signs and symptoms vary Objectives of first aid

Dislocations End of bone is displaced from a joint or moved out of its normal position within a joint Often, tearing or stretching of ligaments, muscles, and other soft tissues also occurs Signs and symptoms First aid care similar to care for fractures

Sprains Injury to tissues surrounding a joint
Common sites: ankles and wrists Signs and symptoms Sprains often resemble fractures or dislocations—treat as fracture if in doubt First aid care

Strains Overstretching of a muscle Caused by overexertion or lifting
Frequent site: back Signs and symptoms First aid treatment

Splints Devices to immobilize injured parts Types of splints
Inflatable or air splints Padded boards Traction splints Can be made from cardboard, newspapers, pillows, boards, etc.

Splints Must be long enough to immobilize joint above and below injured area to prevent movement Should be padded Tie in place Apply without pressure on affected area

Splints If open wound is present, control bleeding before applying splint Never attempt to reposition bone Observe precautions when using pneumatic splint Traction splints

Splints After splint application Verify that splint is not too tight
Check skin temperature Check skin color Note swelling or edema

Splints After splint application
Note numbness or tingling Check pulse If circulation is impaired, immediately loosen the ties

Slings Commercial slings Triangular bandages used in first aid
Used to support arm, hand, forearm, shoulder Positioning of sling Check circulation

Slings Limit movement of limb
If using triangular bandage with knot at neck Check knot placement Use gauze padding under knot Considerations for shoulder injury

Neck and Spine Injuries
Most dangerous types of injuries involving bones and joints Avoid moving the patient, which can result in permanent injury or paralysis Wait for backboard and adequate help to arrive for transfer

17:10 Providing First Aid for Specific Injuries
Injuries to specific body parts require special care Examples of specific body parts Eyes, ears, nose, brain, chest, abdomen, and genital organs

Eye Injuries Always involves danger of vision loss
Best to avoid giving major treatment Obtaining help of a specialist is priority Foreign objects in the eye Blows to the eye Penetrating injuries that cut eye tissue

Ear Injuries Can result in rupture or perforation of eardrum
Torn or detached tissue Ruptured or perforated eardrum Clear fluid or blood-tinged fluid draining from ear

Head or Skull Injuries Wounds and blows to head and skull can cause brain injury Seek medical help quickly as possible Signs and symptoms First aid care Watch for signs of respiratory distress

Nose Injuries Nosebleeds (epistaxis) are usually more frightening than serious Causes of nosebleeds First aid care Wear gloves or use a protective barrier

Chest Injuries Usually medical emergencies Sucking chest wound
May involve heart, lungs, and major vessels Sucking chest wound Penetrating injuries to chest Crushing chest injuries

Abdominal Injuries Can cause damage to internal organs and bleeding in major blood vessels Intestines and other abdominal organs may protrude from open wound Medical emergency

Abdominal Injuries Bleeding, shock, and damage to organs can be fatal
Signs and symptoms Position victim flat on back First aid care

Injuries to Genital Organs
Result from falls, blows, or explosions Zippers catching on genitals, other accidents Can cause severe pain, bleeding, and shock Wear gloves or use protective barrier First aid care

17:11 Providing First Aid for Sudden Illness
Can be difficult to determine exact illness being experienced Base care on signs and symptoms Obtain information from victim if possible Look for medical alert bracelets or necklaces or medical cards

Heart Attack Also called coronary thrombosis, coronary occlusion, or myocardial infarction May occur when one or more coronary arteries is blocked If heart attack is severe, victim may die

Heart Attack If heart stops, start CPR
Signs and symptoms vary based on damage Signs and symptoms are often more subtle in women First aid care

Cerebrovascular Accident or Stroke
A stroke is also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA), apoplexy, or cerebral thrombosis Caused by clot in a cerebral artery or hemorrhage in blood vessel in brain

Cerebrovascular Accident or Stroke
Signs and symptoms: FAST F = face A = arms S = speech T = time First aid care

Fainting Temporary reduction in supply of blood to brain
Early signs and treatment If victim loses consciousness, try to prevent injury Obtain medical help if recovery is not prompt, there are other injuries, or fainting reoccurs

Convulsion Type of seizure Causes Progression of a convulsion
Strong involuntary contraction of muscles Causes Progression of a convulsion First aid care is directed at preventing self-injury

Diabetic Reactions Diabetes mellitus Diabetic coma (hyperglycemia)
Metabolic disorder caused by lack of or insufficient production of insulin Diabetic coma (hyperglycemia) Insulin shock (hypoglycemia)

Diabetic Reactions Differentiate between diabetic coma and insulin shock and treat accordingly Refer to Figure in Text

17:12 Applying Dressings and Bandages
Sterile covering used to control bleeding Materials used in dressings Dressings can be held in place with tape or a bandage

Used to hold dressings in place, to secure splints, to support and protect body parts Apply snugly to control bleeding/prevent dressing movement; do not interfere with circulation Types include roller gauze, triangular, elastic

Method used to wrap bandage depends on body part (refer to Procedure 17:12 in Text) Spiral Figure-eight for joints Recurrent or finger wrap

Signs of poor or impaired circulation Swelling or edema Pale or cyanotic color Coldness to touch Numbness or tingling Check nail bed circulation for bandages on hand, arm, leg, or foot

Chapter 17 First Aid.

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Chapter 17 First Aid.

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