1. Essentials of Sociology 7th Edition
Chapter Six:
Deviance and Social Control
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2. Chapter Overview What is Deviance?
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
The Functionalist Perspective
The Conflict Perspective
Reactions to Deviance
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3. What is Deviance?
“It is not the act itself, but the reaction to the act, that make something deviant.”
Howard Becker, 1966
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4. What is Deviance? Relative Deviance
What is Deviant to Some is not Deviant to Others
“Deviance” is Nonjudgmental Term
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5. Deviance Terminology Deviance Crime Stigma Violation of Rules or Norms
Violation of Norms as Laws
Stigma
Blemishes on “Normal” Identity
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6. Norms and Social Life
Norms Make Social Life Possible by Making Behavior Predictable
Norms Bring Social Order
Social Control - Formal and Informal Means of Enforcing Norms
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7. Sanctions Negative Sanctions Positive Sanctions Microsoft Image
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8. Explanations of Deviance
Sociobiology
Look for Answers Inside Individuals
Genetic Predispositions
Psychologists
Focus on Conditions Within Individuals
Personality Disorders
Sociology
Look for Answers Outside Individuals
Social Class
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9. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Differential Association Theory
Learn to Deviate or Conform Through Group Association
Families
Friends, Neighbors
Subculture
Prison or Freedom?
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10. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Control Theory - Inner Controls
Morality
Conscience
Religious Principles
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11. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Control Theory - Outer Controls
Attachments
Commitments
Involvements
Beliefs that Actions are Morally Wrong
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12. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Labeling Theory
Focuses on the Significance of Labels
Labels Become Part of Self-Concept
Propel Towards or Away from Deviance
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13. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Rejecting Labels
Denial of Responsibility
Denial of Injury
Denial of a Victim
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14. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Rejecting Labels
Condemnation of Condemners
Appeal to Higher Loyalties
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15. Symbolic Interactionist Perspective
Labeling Theory
Embracing Labels - Outlaw Bikers
The Power of Labels - Saints and Roughnecks
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16. Functionalist Perspective
Can Deviance Be Functional?
Clarifies Moral Boundaries and Affirms Norms
Promotes Social Unity
Promotes Social Change
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17. Functionalist Perspective
Strain Theory
Social Values Generate Crime
Cultural Goals
Institutional Means
Strain Leads to Anomie
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18. Functionalist Perspective
Four Deviant Paths
Innovators
Ritualism
Retreatism
Rebellion
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20. Functionalist Perspective
Illegitimate Opportunity Structures
Unequal Access to Institutional Means to Success
Street Crime
White-Collar Crime
Gender and Crime
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21. Figure 6.1: Some States Are Safer: Violent Crime in the United States
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22. Conflict Perspective Class, Crime, and the Judicial System
Power and Inequality
Capitalist Class
Working Class
Marginal Working Class
The Law as an Instrument of Oppression
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23. Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons Microsoft Image
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24. How Much is Enough? The Explosion in the Number of U.S. Prisoners
Figure 6.2:
How Much is Enough? The Explosion in the Number of U.S. Prisoners
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25. Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime
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26. Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime
Recidivism
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28. Reaction to Deviance Street Crime and Prisons The Decline of Crime
Recidivism
The Death Penalty Bias
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31. Reaction to Deviance Legal Change Medicalization of Deviance
Neither Mental nor Illness?
Homeless Mentally Ill
Need for More Humane Approach
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