1. Ch 20: Indigenous people

2. No Bell work 1/5 (CH 20 test tomorrow, HW will be checked Fri)

3. Pre Aztec Teotihuacan: largest Mesoamerican city
Fell b/c of internal conflict/ attacked and burned by the people

4. 2. Toltec: (high=950-1150CE) capital=Tula
Unified rule, powerful army, fortified against northern nomads
Use of irrigation
Influenced by Mayan city of Chichen Itza
Tula fell (1175) due to civil war and nomadic invasion

5. 3. The Mexica
Nomadic bullies
Called Aztec when building an empire
Capital: Tenochtitlan (current day Mexico City.)

6. Aztec Empire Itzcoatl Started Aztec expansion
Created a Triple Alliance
Collected tribute- some used in long distance trade to impress others
2. No elaborate bureaucracy (state appointed decision makers)=independence among conquered
3. No standing army, but feared

7. Mexica society
Adopted culture and religion when they migrated into central Mexico
Military elite (warriors) valued most
Priests read omens and advised emperors
Blood and gods:
Huitzilopochtli=war=human sacrifice
Quetzalcoatl=agriculture=bloodletting

8. Into the North
1. Indigenous of North America, no written language 2. Many built society on small scale (lack of resources) 3. Pueblos/Navajo (American southwest) - irrigation=3 sisters (corn, beans, squash) - stone homes (adobe)= settled 4. Iroquois (Mississippi River/ woodlands) - many settlements -woman in charge of the village (matriarchal)

9. 5. Cahokia (Illinois, 900-1250CE) - ceremonial mounds (plazas, burial, temples)

10. Incas Took the Andean area from other states
Pachacuti – powerful leader, built the empire
Unruly captive nations=captured hostages from elite class and forced them to move to Cuzco
Turned to royal mummies for advice and rituals

11. Aboriginals of the Pacific
1. Culture was regional (rarely diffused into other regions) 2. trade: individuals didn’t travel routes, just goods

12. Review all of your notes, this should help to organize the terms
Great Mesoamerican city
Mayan city
Toltec City
Aztec/Mexica city
Aztec leader (first to spread empire)
Aztec god of war
Aztec god of agriculture
Inca city
Inca leader
Chinampa
Cahokia
Quipu
Review other nations (Americas/Australia)