1. The Modern World

2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Passed by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948
Based on experiences during WWII
Reflects growing acceptance of the importance of social and economic equality
Article 1
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.

3. Berlin Wall falls in 1989
In 1991, the Soviet Union is dissolved
Boris Yeltsin becomes the leader of the new Russia
In 2000, Vladimir Putin is elected

4. South Africa

5. Apartheid 1910- S. Africa wins self-rule from Britain
Freedom limited to white settlers (20%)
Whites pass racial laws to keep black majority subordinate

6. The “whites only” parliament implemented a plan of racial segregation
All S. Africans registered by race: black, white, colored, Asian

7. Non-whites had to carry “pass” books and could not travel w/out permission
Blacks assigned to “homelands” located in the most unproductive parts of the country

9. Apartheid laws set up segregated restaurants, schools, beaches, and forbade intermarriage. Blacks were paid less than whites for the same work

10. Nelson Mandela
Throughout this time, black resistance was strong (African National Congress, ANC)
A young lawyer, Nelson Mandela, joins the fight and leads demonstrations
Arrested and put in jail for life

14. The world condemns S. Africa
1989, new pres. F.W. de Klerk frees Mandela and ends apartheid- together, they return S. Africa to majority rule
1994- Nelson Mandela is elected as the first black president of South Africa

16. Rwanda- early 90s Hutus Tutsis Genocide
How is this situation indicative of other problems in Africa after decolonization? What is the root cause?

17. Persian Gulf War-1990-1991 Saddam Hussein orders an attack on Kuwait
Debt; oil fields
U.S. gets involved

18. Yugoslavia Serbia Slobodan Milosevic Genocide “ethnic cleansing”
Kosovo, 1998
Slobodan Milosevic
Genocide “ethnic cleansing”
Ethnic strife continues in Kosovo
Russia and Africa have also experienced ethnic problems

19. Latin America
Emphasis on exports like coffee make some Latin American countries dependent on the U.S. and Europe
U.S. and European companies also controlled many of the major industries in Latin America
Brazil begins to industrialize
Big issue for Latin American countries in the 20th century is economic independence from U.S. and Europe

20. Latin America cont.
Large scale wars and famine have not been an issue, but political freedom has…
Govts. dominated by conservative, elite, and authoritarian dictatorships
Indigenous people and descendants of slaves have had comparatively little influence in building L.A. nations
Rapid urbanization and pop. growth

21. China After Mao
Deng Xiaoping relaxed state economic control
One Child Policy
Jiang Zemin
Economic growth
Hu Jintao
Xi Jinping

22. Israel and Palestine Roots of the conflict 1948-49 war of Independence
1967 Six Day War
1973 Yom Kippur War
Fighting continues into the present

23. Women
First international conference on women’s rights- Nairobi, Kenya, 1985
By the 21st century, almost all women in the world have achieved the right to vote
Despite legal equality, women rarely have equal opportunity in jobs, education, and politics

24. Globalization Free markets, new technologies, increased communication
The Internet
U.S. culture; English
Transportation
Spread of democracy- how’s it going?
Economics- Japan and Russia experience economic downturns in the 90s

25. Population
Populations continue to grow, especially in large parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia
Effects of population growth:
Damages rural environments
Leads to violence over scarce resources (Africa)
Cultural and religious beliefs

26. Migration
Most significant pattern is from developing to developed countries (opportunity)

27. Rich and Poor The gap between rich and poor continues to widen
The wealthiest 20% of humans consume 80% of the goods and resources