1. Thursday 9/8 Take out your spiral for notes
Title: Unit 1 Part 4 Plains and Pueblo Culture
Write down your Essential Questions:
1. How did the environment shape the 4 Texas Indian cultures?
2. What is the significance of each tribe in the Plains and Puebloan culture?
Reminder: Homework due tomorrow!

2. Notes Unit 1 Part 3: Plains & Pueblo culture
How did the environment shape the 4 Texas Indian cultures?
What is the significance of each tribe in the Plains and Puebloan culture?

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4. What tribes were in the Pueblo culture?

5. The Jumanos
Lived in permanent houses made of adobe along the Rio Grande. They were able to grow corn and other crops because they settled near the river. They also hunted buffalo and gathered wild plants for food.
The Jumano lived in large villages. They had striped tattoos on their faces, which clearly identified them as peaceful traders.
Pueblo houses near the Rio Grande

6. The Tiguas
The Tiguas were a Puebloan people who moved to Ysleta, near present-day El Paso, in 1680.
The Tiguas were fleeing the Pueblo Revolt happening in New Mexico: where cruel Spaniard treatment resulted in the Tiguas killing many Europeans and then fleeing
Advanced political system: adult males voted for tribal council members. Tribal council selected a cacique (religious leader) and governor

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8. What tribes were in the Plains culture?

9. Tonkawa Tonkawa children
They depended on the buffalo for food, clothing and shelter. They were considered hunters- gatherers.
The Tonkawa were driven from their hunting grounds by the Apache and forced to hunt smaller animals.
Tonkawa children

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11. Apache jump on it!
Two Apache groups settled in Texas - the Lipan and Mescalero.
The Mescalero made their home in the West Texas mountains and Lipans in the Hill Country.
Apaches were organized into bands that traveled, hunted and fought together. The Apaches were skilled horsemen and often teamed up when hunting buffalo.
FINISH THIS SLIDE AND THE NEXT 9

12. The Comanches took control of the Apache’s territory so they were mortal enemies.

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14. Comanche
The Comanche moved into the Great Plains once they acquired horses.
The Comanche lived in bands headed by a peace chief. If you were the best fighter and rider you were the war chief.
The Comanche were skilled buffalo hunters. Because of the their skills they soon controlled much of the plains including west and northern Texas. Their territory, Comancheria, covered parts of Mexico, Texas, Kansas, Oklahoma, Colorado, and New Mexico
Quanah Parker-last Comanche chief.

15. Comanche Comanches life centered on two activities—hunting and war.
They used every part of the buffalo, and lived in tepees made of hides.
They fought fiercely to defend their territory, when Apaches, Wichitas, Tonkawas, and white settlers threatened from all sides.

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18. Kiowa
The Kiowa were the last plains group to arrive in Texas. They hunted buffalo, made beautiful crafts, and developed a calendar.
The Kiowa and the Comanche were allies…both tribes were the most feared!