1. The weather conditions in an area in general and over
Climate
The weather conditions in an
area in general and over
a long period of time (ex. Years).

2. The Factors that Affect Climate ©Mark Place, 2009-2010

3. Latitude

4. As latitude ________, the average annual temperature _________.
How does latitude
affect climate?
As latitude ________, the average
annual temperature _________.
increases
decreases
Temperature
0° Latitude °

5. Closeness to Large Bodies of Water

7. Water __________ the temperature. _______ summers. _______ winters.
How does closeness to a large
body of water affect climate?
Water __________ the temperature.
_______ summers. _______ winters.
moderates
Cooler
Warmer
Cities A & B are located
at the same latitude.
City B is closer to a large body of water.
Its temperature line is flatter (moderated).

8. Orographic Effect
- Dry-adiabatic lapse
rate = rate at which
unsaturated air cools
as it rises (10°C/km)
- Moist-adiabatic
lapse rate = rate at
which saturated air
cools as it rises
(5-9°C/km)

9. Example - Death Valley:
Orographic Effect
Example - Death Valley:
You Can Die Here
Lush rainforests form on the
WINDWARD side of a mountain while
rain shadow deserts form on the
LEEWARD side.

10. Orographic Effect
The leeward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive much less precipitation
The windward sides of the Adirondacks & Catskills receive a great deal more precipitation

11. Windward Side: ___________ Leeward Side: _____________
How does the
Orographic Effect
affect climate?
Windward Side: ___________
Leeward Side: _____________
cool, moist
warm, dry

12. Elevation
During summer, temperature is strongly controlled by elevation -- cold at the higher reaches of the Alaska and Brooks Ranges, and warmer in the lowlands.

13. As elevation _________, the average annual temperature __________.
How does elevation
affect climate?
As elevation _________, the average
annual temperature __________.
increases
decreases
Temperature
Elevation

14. Ocean Currents

15. Warm Currents: warmer climate Cold Currents: cooler climate
How do ocean currents
affect climate?
Warm Currents: warmer climate
Cold Currents: cooler climate
Visualization of Ocean Currents

16. The Gulf Stream

17. California current
Cold
South
England
The British Isles are affected by the warm North Atlantic Current, which warms the surrounding land.
Clockwise
Counter-clockwise

18. Global Wind Belts
30oN or 30oS