1. ABOLITIONISM
WEEK 9

2. ORIGINS OF ABOLITIONISM
Christian anti-slavery movement 
Natural law
Montesquieu’s « De L’esclavage des Nègres » published in 1748, chapter from De l’Esprit des Lois.
Adam Smith’s liberalism
1780: First abolitionist societies in Philadelphia, Boston, New York
1787 : William Wilberforce and Thomas Clarkson in England
1788 : Société des Amis des Noirs in France (Jacques-Pierre Brissot, Etienne Clavière
1787: Northwest Ordinance

3. THE QUAKERS/SOCIETY OF FRIENDS
Live free from sin
Condemened war
Egalitarian principles
The Germantown Quaker Petition of 1688
The Seven Years War ( ) >>> against poverty, the drinking of hard liquor, unjust Indian policies, and, above all, slavery.
"There is a saying, that we should do to all men like as we will be done ourselves; making no difference of what generation, descent, or colour they are.... To bring men hither [to America], or to rob and sell them against their will, we stand against. In Europe there are many oppressed for conscience-sake; and here there are those oppressed which are of a black colour....Pray, what thing in the world can be done worse towards us, than if men should rob or steal us away, and sell us for slaves to strange countries; separating husbands from their wives and children."

4. International abolitionism
: Haitian revolution
1807: Abolition of the slave trade by England and France
1821: Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela = gradual emancipation plan.
1829, Mexico abolished slavery.
1833, Britain
1848, Denmark and France
1863, the Netherlands
1865 the United States.
1886, Cuba
1888, Brazil.

5. COLONIZATION Post-revolutionary racism Slave revolts
The colonization movement (1810s and 1820s)
Paul Cuffee transported 38 free blacks to Sierra Leone.
1816: The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America
Founding of the colony of Liberia in 1821–22
1850, some 13,000 free blacks migrated to Canada.

6. ANTEBELLUM ABOLITIONISM
1. The moral suasion
Religious revivalism/Second Great awakening
American Anti-Slavery Society founded in 1833
Denounced slavery as illegal, immoral, and economically backward.
2. William Lloyd GARRISON
The Liberator, the country's first publication to demand an immediate end to slavery without compensation to their owners + the dissolution of the union with slaveholding states.
Refusal to vote
universal reform, including temperance, pacifism/international peace, and extension of women's rights.

7. 3. RELIGIOUS ABOLITIONISTS
American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society
Methodist, Baptist, and Presbyterian antislavery movements.
4. POLITICAL ABOLITIONISTS
1840: The Liberty Party
1848: The Free Soil Party
1854: The Republican Party
5. RADICAL ABOLITIONISTS