1. Intro to Programming & Algorithm Design
9/8/2018
Intro to Programming & Algorithm Design
Overview
This presentation can be viewed on line in a file named:
Copyright 2017 by Janson Industries

2. Objectives Explain Steps to success in this class
9/8/2018
Objectives
Explain
Steps to success in this class
Basic computer concepts
Basic programming concepts
Computer hardware

3. PP Presentations Can be viewed on line or downloaded
9/8/2018
PP Presentations
Can be viewed on line or downloaded
For all presentations and class files, go to:

4. This presentation is ch01.IntrotoProg (scroll to bottom)
Click the file name …
Chapter 1
© copyright Janson Industries 2017

5. … select Open (to view) or Save as (to download)
Chapter 1
© copyright Janson Industries 2017

6. If "Save as" selected, specify where to save to
Chapter 1
© copyright Janson Industries 2017

7. Class Success Read text before coming to class
9/8/2018
Class Success
Read text before coming to class
In class take good notes
Suggestion: print out PP and use as basis for notes
Will need a thumb/flash drive
Organize your work. Pay attention to file:
Name
Location

8. 9/8/2018
Class Format
For each chapter there will be a lecture with an associated PP
Will cover the same material as the chapter but with alternative examples
Then non-graded and graded labs will be assigned

9. 9/8/2018
Class Format
Labs can be found on the class website in a folder called Labs
Then in a subfolder named C#, where # is the chapter number
Most labs are in Word documents that follow the naming convention of
Chapter # Lab.COP1000.doc
Where # is the chapter number

11. Many of the labs have videos If you want to view, download these also

12. 9/8/2018
Class Format
You must do the non-graded assgs to get credit for the graded assgs
NG assgs broken up into several pieces
Turn in each NG assg piece one at a time and I will send the solution/feedback
Then tackle the next piece

13. Each lab has a short review of the topic(s) and detailed instructions.

14. Then questions for you to answer and submit
I will give you feedback/corrections so you can do the next lab

15. Then the next lab

16. 9/8/2018
Labs/Assgs
The last lab is usually the graded assg and will be clearly marked as such
For text assgs you can either
Change the lab document and submit
Create a new doc and submit

17. Example of the program output
Explanation of the lab
Example of the program output

18. Deliverables

19. 9/8/2018
Turning In Assgs
When submitting the lab document via , delete the video links
If you don't, the file will be too large and the system won't send it
And, often, not tell you that it wasn't sent
When I get any lab file, I will send a short reply indicating I got it
If you don't get a reply, I didn't get it and you must resend

20. Responsibility To do the labs you will have to understand the material
9/8/2018
Responsibility
To do the labs you will have to understand the material
You will not learn the material sitting in class listening to a lecture
Lecture is like a shower
Most of the knowledge goes down the drain
You will have to read the text, do the labs/examples, and study!

21. Responsibility All labs due at 11:59 pm on the due date
9/8/2018
Responsibility
All labs due at 11:59 pm on the due date
I’m a real stickler for on time work
No late work accepted
You should have read the text and started the lab before you come to the lecture (or read the PPs)
You will better understand the lecture and ask better questions about the labs

22. Concepts Computer Hardware (h/w): the computer machinery
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Computer
Electronic device that processes data into information according to specific instructions
Hardware (h/w): the computer machinery
Software (s/w): group of instructions that enable the h/w to work
Like a recipe

23. Concepts Information processing cycle
Computer can store input and output
Input
Output
Processing
Storage

24. Concepts Input comes in two forms: Output is information
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Concepts
Input comes in two forms:
Data: raw facts
Can be text, numbers, images, etc.
Instructions
Click on a button/icon, type a command
Software
Output is information
Useful/meaningful knowledge

25. Concepts Computer Hardware Input Device Keyboard Microphone Scanner
Mouse
Output
Device
Printer
Monitor
Speakers
Input
Input
Output
Output
Processing
CPU
Storage
Device
Hard drive
Thumb drive
CD/DVD drive
Memory cards

26. Concepts - Storage Computer can hold data/information
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Concepts - Storage
Computer can hold data/information
All data (pictures, music, video, etc.) stored as a series of zeroes and ones
Different systems for storing different types of data
ASCII, Unicode for character data
Binary, packed decimal for numbers
mp3, wav for audio
jpeg, gif for images

27. Lots of Different Storage Types
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External vs. Internal Storage
Internal also called Main Memory or RAM
Many differences between the two
Speed, capacity, persistence
Volatile vs. nonvolatile
Key difference is, that MM managed by CPU
External memory has a separate device that manages the media

28. Concepts External storage examples Internal storage examples Hard disk
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Concepts
External storage examples
Hard disk
Memory stick
CD/DVD
Internal storage examples
RAM
ROM
VRAM

29. Concepts - Storage Secondary storage measured in Gigabytes/Terabytes
9/8/2018
Concepts - Storage
Secondary storage measured in Gigabytes/Terabytes
Internal storage measured in Megabytes/Gigabytes
Of course this begs the question: "What's a byte?"
Gather round while I tell you the story of Snow White and the seven dwarves…

30. Concepts - Storage
9/8/2018
Numbers are different, this binary number:
Is the equivalent of 91 (in base 10)
In binary, each digit is a power of 2
Just like in decimal (base 10) where each digit is a power of 10
So in base 10, 254 represents:
2 groups of 100 (10 to the second power)
5 groups of 10 (10 to the first power)
4 groups of 1 (10 to the zero power)

31. Concepts - Storage So 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 represents
9/8/2018
So represents
0 groups of 128 (2 to the 7th)
1 group of 64 (2 to the 6th)
0 groups of 32 (2 to the 5th)
1 group of 16 (2 to the 4th)
1 group of 8 (2 to the 3rd)
0 groups of 4 (2 to the 2nd)
1 group of 2 (2 to the 1st)
1 group of 1 (2 to the zero)
= 91

32. Concepts Software Two types of software
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Concepts
Software
Instructions that the computer (CPU) executes to transform the input into output
Two types of software
Systems
Enables the computer to function/run more efficiently
Application
Performs functions the user wants

33. Concepts Systems Software Operating systems Utility programs
9/8/2018
Concepts
Systems Software
Operating systems
Windows, Mac OS, Linux
Utility programs
Zip, RAR/MP3 converter
Programming language translators
Assemblers, Compilers, Interpreters
More on these a little later

34. Concepts Application s/w categories
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Application s/w categories
Efficiency
Entertainment
Education
An application (app) consists of both s/w and data
An app’s s/w is broken up into pieces called programs
An app can be comprised of 100’s even 1000’s of programs

35. Concepts How programs, internal and external storage work together
Internal memory
Aka
RAM 1
Run Program
Input
Device
Run Program 3
Copy of Program
CPU 2
Copy of Program
External memory
Storage
Device

36. 9/8/2018
How Programs Work
Once program is in MM, CPU reads and executes one instruction at time
// OilCalc.java
import java.io.*;
public class OilCalc {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
BufferedReader dataIn = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader
(System.in));
int amount = 0; double cost = 0; String amtString = "";
System.out.print("Amount of oil is? ");
amtString = dataIn.readLine();
amount = Integer.parseInt(amtString);
if (amount <= 100) {cost = amount * 2.25;}
else if (amount <= 250) { cost = 100 * (amount-100) * 2.10;}
else { cost = 100 * * (amount-250) * 1.99;}
System.out.println("The cost of the oil is $" + cost); }

37. Programming Concepts Machine Language Problems with Machine Language?
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Programming Concepts
Machine Language
0's and 1's the computer can execute
Problems with Machine Language?
Hard for humans to understand and write
Easy to make mistakes, takes a long time to type
First improvement
Assembly level languages

38. 9/8/2018
Programming Concepts
Assembly level languages short commands/acronyms rather than zeroes and ones
Mul means multiply the numbers in locations 30 and 18 and store the result in location 16
Mov means move the number in location 24 to location 32
Out 14 means display the value in location 14

39. 9/8/2018
Programming Concepts
Assembly level language must be converted into machine language
A piece of s/w called an Assembler converts Assembly level language into machine language
Like s/w that converts a rar to an mp3
Problem with Assembly level languages
Programmer has to manage internal memory

40. Programming Concepts High Level Languages (HLL)
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Programming Concepts
High Level Languages (HLL)
English like commands
Strict syntax
Like grammar in a spoken language
HLL must also be converted into machine language
2 types of S/W to translate HLL to machine language:
Compiler
Interpreter

41. Programming Concepts Source Code file Machine Language file CPU Editor
HLL source
code
Machine
language
Editor
Compiler OS
HLL source
code
Translate command
Run command
Programmer
Programmer
User

42. Programming Concepts Source Code file CPU Editor Interpreter
HLL source
code
Machine
language
Editor
Interpreter
HLL source
code
Run command
Programmer
Programmer

43. Programming Concepts Lots of different HLLs
Each language has advs/disadvs
C and VB great for PC based apps
COBOL good for business apps
Fortran good for scientific apps
Java good for PC/Server/Mobile apps

44. Programming Environment
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Programming Environment
Before any source code is written, the programmer/analyst creates a program design
Primary designs are flow chart diagrams and pseudo code
When designing, use tools (software) to generate flow chart diagrams and pseudo code

45. Programming Environment
9/8/2018
Programming Environment
When programming use an IDE (Integrated Development Environment)
At a minimum an IDE will have a source code editor
A source code editor is to a program what word processing software is to a document

46. Notepad++ is an example of a simple source code editor
9/8/2018
Let’s a programmer enter, change and save source code

47. IDE Source code editors will have many more capabilities
9/8/2018
IDE
Source code editors will have many more capabilities
Show syntax errors
Format code for readability
Code completion
Finish a statement
Add necessary tokens (semicolons, parenthesis, etc.)

48. IDE Will also have other tools/functions
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IDE
Will also have other tools/functions
Compiler(s) – support for many languages
Debugger – s/w that
Traces statement execution
Can temporarily halt program execution and allow programmers to display program data
Test environment
Programmer can run program and see results

49. Area to see program results
Colors indicate static text, types of statements, language keywords, etc.
Error indicators
Area to see program results
Lots of IDEs: RAD(IBM), Visual Studio(Microsoft, doesn’t support Java), NetBeans(Open source/Oracle), Eclipse(Open source/IBM)

50. A Visual Editor lets you click and drag GUI components.
It generates the code!

51. Alternative Resource Code.org
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Alternative Resource
Code.org
Uses videos and games to get across the basic programming structures which will be covered over the next months

52. You can skip the video and go straight to the instructions
Once done with instruction, close window and try exercises

53. The first puzzle will start

54. There may be more instructions, click X's to close
When puzzle finished will allow you to continue to the next one or you can click to skip ahead
There may be more instructions, click X's to close

55. Click Continue to go to next puzzle

56. Click Continue to go to next puzzle

57. If you can't figure it out, scroll down and click the help links

58. 9/8/2018
Code.org
I strongly recommend that you go through all twenty puzzles over the next 3 weeks
They will greatly help you understand the concepts of
Alogorithms
Sequential processing
Selection
Iteration

59. How Class Works There's an entire COP1000 set of lessons at
9/8/2018
How Class Works
There's an entire COP1000 set of lessons at

60. Unplugged activities have the theory – good to read first
Then tackle the puzzles

61. Points to Remember Four major computer operations: Input Processing
9/8/2018
Points to Remember
Four major computer operations:
Input
Processing
Output
Storage

62. 9/8/2018
Points to Remember
Everything in the computer stored as zeroes and ones
Pictures, numbers, sounds
Two types of software
Systems
Application

63. Points to Remember Programs are written in a programming language
9/8/2018
Points to Remember
Programs are written in a programming language
Referred to as source code
Source code must be translated into machine language
Machine language can be executed, source code cannot be executed

64. 9/8/2018
Points to Remember
Programmers have lots of s/w tools to help design and code programs
Bring your thumb/flash drives to the next class