1. Early Settlement of Colonial America
The English Settlements

2. European Exploration Europeans set sail in search of the 3 G’s Gold
God
Glory

3. Spanish Explorers
Christopher Columbus
Discovers the new world (Not the first European ever to land in America)
Lands in Hispaniola (Haiti & Dominican Republic) Believes he is in India

4. Spanish Territory
Florida, Southwestern US, Mexico, and most of South America

5. French Explorers Champlain La Salle, Joliet, & Marquette
Canada (Quebec)
Mississippi River Valley

6. Dutch
Henry Hudson
New Netherlands (New York)

7. Jamestown
Founded in 1607
Created by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company.
The goal of the Virginia Company and Jamestown was to make money
1st Permanent English Settlement in the New World

8. Jamestown
Jamestown was not chosen because it was the perfect place to settle, it was chosen because it was close to the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic but easily defended against the Spanish.
The first settlers had many problems.
They were not used to work and thought they would find gold and did not think about food

9. Jamestown
The area was also not very hospitable with poor soil and no fresh water.
The closest water supply was swamp water which means it is brackish and not good for drinking.
They would also have problems with mosquitoes and that meant disease
Most died from starvation (harsh winter), disease (malaria and dysentery) and little food.

10. Jamestown
Swampland
Mosquito

11. Jamestown
The first winter the colonists survived because of the Native Americans (Powhatan) who shared food with them.
When they did not plant food for themselves and a bad winter came upon them, they faced what is known as “Starving Time”

12. Jamestown
Captain John Smith took charge and was able to save Jamestown.
“No Work, No Food” was Smith’s motto for the colonists.
The colonists did not like Smith, but the Native Americans did because he was a warrior and treated them with respect when trading with them.

13. Jamestown Powhatan Tribe led by Chief Powhatan.
Provided food for the early settlers
Became angry when the stole their food and land
His daughter was Pocahontas

14. Jamestown Matoaka – this is the Indian name for Pocahontas
She would help save Jamestown and marry a planter named John Rolfe
They visited England where she died and is buried.

15. Jamestown
John Rolfe came from the Caribbean with Spanish tobacco seeds
He mixed them with the Virginia tobacco and made the plant better.
He turned tobacco into “Virginia Gold”
Plantations - large farms
Cash crop economy

16. Jamestown
The plantation owners could participate in the Headright system:
If they paid membership in the Virginia Company and paid for passage for any member of their family, including servants, they would get 50 acres of land for each person over the age of 15.
The more land they owned, the more tobacco they could plant and thus make more money
More land=More money

17. Jamestown
During the early 1600s many people in England were in debtors prisons because of the loss of jobs.
The Enclosure Movement occurred when the price of wool went up and the owners of land in England placed fences around their property to keep sheep and they kicked the tenant farmers off.
The displaced farmers then went into the towns looking for work.

18. Jamestown
With not enough jobs to go around, the farmers had no money to pay their bills and ended up in debtors prisons.
When plantation owners needed workers, they would go to the debtor prisons and sign agreements with the prisoners to come work for them for a certain amount of time in exchange for paying their debts and paying for their voyage to the New World.
Not all indentured servants were prisoners. Anyone who wanted a chance to improve their lives could sign a contract.

19. Jamestown Indentured Servants 5-7 year service agreement
Voyage to the New World is paid for
Food and shelter is provided
At the end of the contract the indentured servants would be given tools, and seeds. Along with 50 acres of land.

20. Jamestown House of Burgesses:
1st elected legislative body in the colonies
Run by the wealthy plantation owners
Created laws for the Virginia colonists
Today it is known as the Virginia General Assembly or the General Assembly of Virginia.

21. Jamestown Model

22. Expansion Problems
Poor farmers (backcountry farmers) want more land (these are the indentured servants)
They can only expand westward and that is Indian territory
They ask the wealthy land owners (gov’t) for help and they refuse because they do not want the Native Americans to attack them and maybe burn their plantations.
The poor farmers turn on the rich farmers

23. Bacon’s Rebellion
Nathaniel Bacon is the nephew of Governor Berkley of Virginia.
He agrees with the poor farmers and leads them against the Native Americans.
They win and then go after Berkley and chase him out of Jamestown then burn it.
Berkley comes back and chases Bacon and his men into the swamp where Bacon dies.

24. Bacon’s Rebellion
This rebellion scares the rich landowners and so they decide that the problem was the indentured servants.
They want to avoid this problem in the future and so instead of getting indentured servants, whom they have to purchase and then let go after their contract expires and purchase more, they switch to slave labor.
Bacon’s Rebellion led to the use of slaves for plantation work.

25. Bacon before and after Rebellion

26. Review What problems were faced by the settlers in the New World?
Native Americans, disease, harsh winter, little food (bad conditions)
Who was the colonist that saved the colonists from starvation?
John Smith
What crop saved the Virginia Company?
Tobacco

27. Review What were the big farms called? Plantations.
Who worked on the farms?
First indentured servants and later slaves
Name of the 1st legislative body in the English colonies?
House of Burgesses

28. Southern Colonies
Virginia, Maryland, North and South Carolina, Georgia

29. Maryland Proprietary Colony: Private land grant
Founded: Lord Baltimore (George Calvert)

30. Maryland Purpose: Safe place (haven) for Catholics
Significance: Toleration Act
Protected religious freedom for all Christians

31. Carolinas Royal Colony: King controlled the government in the colony
Purpose was to grow food for the West Indies
Charleston (Charles Town) was the major city; largest city in the south
South Carolina grown wealthy through trade
Rice and Indigo were her cash crops
North Carolina lacked a good port
Tobacco was her cash crop

32. Carolinas
North Carolina
South Carolina

33. Georgia Last of the original colonies Founded by James Oglethorpe
Purpose:
Buffer colony
Protect S.C. from Spanish Florida
Debtor Colony: A place to start over.

34. Southern Colonies
Virginia and the other Southern colonies were settled by people seeking economic opportunity.
Some of the early Virginia settlers were “cavaliers”, English nobility who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England.

35. Life in the South
Politically: the government is run by the rich plantation owners
White males who owned land were the only ones allowed to vote
Virginia’s House of Burgesses – first legislative body in English colonies.

36. Life in the South Economically: Plantation (cash-crop) economy
Tobacco, Rice, Indigo
Few towns
Charleston: Largest city in the south.

37. Southern Economies
The economy of colonial Virginia and the other Southern colonies in the eastern coastal lowlands was based on “cash crops” such as tobacco, rice, and indigo.
These cash crops were grown on large plantations and exported to Europe.
Farther inland, in the mountains and valleys of the Appalachian foothills, the economy was based on small-scale subsistence farming, hunting, and trading.

38. Southern Social Structure
Social structure based on family status and the ownership of land.
Large landowners in the eastern lowlands dominated colonial government and society and maintained an allegiance to the Church of England and closer social ties to England than did those in the other colonies.
Society further inland, was characterized by small-scale subsistence farmers, hunters, and traders of Scots-Irish and English descent.

39. Slavery
Plantation labor needs came to be satisfied by the forcible importation of Africans.
Some worked as indentured servants, earned their freedom, and lived as free citizens during the Colonial Era.
Over time, larger and larger numbers of enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the Southern colonies.
First Blacks came to America in 1619 and worked as indentured servants because they were Christian.

40. Slavery Slaves replace indentured servants
Middle Passage: Journey from Africa to America
Part of the Triangular Trade
Slave Codes: Harsh laws against slaves
Slave Response:
Suicide, vandalism, revolts

42. Slavery
You will need to know the story of slavery, from its beginning to how and why it came to be so strong in the Southern colonies.
Sounds like it may be a question on a test, doesn’t it????
Now, listen to my long and drawn out story of slavery, take notes as you feel you need to and ask questions if you have them.

43. Middle Colonies Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware
Colonial Breadbasket
Rich Economy: Farming & Industry

44. Middle Colonies
Home to multiple religious groups that generally believed in religious tolerance, including Quakers in Pennsylvania, Huguenots and Jews in New York, and Presbyterians in New Jersey.
These colonies began to develop a middle class of skilled artisans, entrepreneurs (business owners), and small farmers.

45. Pennsylvania Pennsylvania: Proprietary Colony Founded By: William Penn
Purpose: Home for Quakers
Pacifist religious group
Philadelphia: “City of Brotherly Love”

46. New York Originally owned by the Dutch and called New Netherland
English, in 1664, took over and renamed it New York, after the Duke of York, brother of King Charles I

47. New Jersey Named after the Island of Jersey off the coast of France
George Carteret was given title to the land and he was originally from Island of Jersey

48. Delaware
Named after Baron De La Warr, first colonial governor of Virginia
2nd smallest state after RI
Known as the first colony to ratify the Constitution

49. New England Northern area of English colonies.
Made up of people seeking religious freedom (sort of!!!)
Plymouth Bay Colony (PBC), Massachusetts Bay Colony (MBC), Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire

50. Two groups of settlers:
Massachusetts
Created for religious purposes
Two groups of settlers:
Puritans
Pilgrims

51. Pilgrims 1620: Arrive @ Plymouth William Bradford: Pilgrim leader
Separatists: Believed Church of England was corrupt. Never to return to England.

52. Pilgrims
Mayflower Compact: Legal document that established democracy in Plymouth Bay Colony
The source for a “Covenant New England Society”

53. Pilgrims
Squanto: Indian who taught Pilgrims how to grow food, fish, and trade with the natives.
Thanksgiving: Celebration of Indian – Colonist relationship and the good harvest

54. Puritans Established the Massachusetts Bay Colony
Non-Separatist: Goal is to be an example for all to follow and reform the church

55. Puritans John Winthrop: Puritan leader
Goal: create a “City on the hill”
Covenant Community: All citizens working for God.

56. New England
New England’s colonial society was based on religious standing.
The Puritans grew increasingly intolerant of dissenters who challenged the Puritans’ belief in the connection between religion and government.
New England colonies used town meetings in the operation of government

57. Religious Freedom Religious Freedom
Puritans did not allow other faiths in Massachusetts
Religious Freedom
Dissenters: People who opposed Puritan control

58. Dissenters Roger Williams: Founder of Rhode Island.
Kicked out of Massachusetts for preaching “liberty of conscience”
Church
Liberty of conscience = separation of:
State

59. Anne Hutchinson Kicked out of MBC for disagreeing with ministers
Moved to Rhode Island

60. Connecticut
Founded by Puritans seeking greater freedoms and land. Led by Thomas Hooker who thought everyone should be allowed to vote, not just church members.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut: 1st written Constitution in colonies

61. Life in the North New England: “Cod and God”
Rocky soil and long winters: Bad for farming, mountains, forests, rivers, and natural harbors

62. New England Economy Shipbuilding: Fishing: Cod Lumbering:
Subsistence Farming: you farm to sustain your life

63. Economic Characteristics
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing.
The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong belief in the values of hard work and thrift.

64. Life in the North Religion dominated all aspects of life
All people must learn how to read the Bible.

65. Life in the North
Education: Elementary schools required to be built in all towns > 50 families
Harvard College (1636): 1st college in America

66. Life in the North As MBC grows religious faith begins to decline.
Salem Witch Trials (1692): An attempt to scare people back to church by claiming Satan was corrupting society.

67. Life in the North
Many American colonists in the 1700s turned to a religious movement called pietism, which stressed an individual’s devoutness and emotional union with God
Ministers spread pietism through, revivals, large public meetings for preaching and prayer.
This revival of religious feelings became known as the Great Awakening.

68. Life in the North Great Awakening: A revival in the church
Brings passion and energy to church services.
Led by two men: Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield
Fire and Brimstone sermons

69. George Whitefield

70. Life in the North Effects of the Great Awakening:
More people go to church
New churches created
Baptist
Methodist
New Colleges created
People question authority

71. The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment was a European cultural movement. It challenged the authority of the church in science and philosophy and elevated the power of human reason.
This emphasis on logic and reasoning was known as rationalism.
John Locke was an influential Enlightenment writer. He argued that all people had rights, and that society can be improved.

72. Economic Characteristics
The New England colonies developed an economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing.
The colonies prospered, reflecting the Puritans’ strong belief in the values of hard work and thrift.

73. Review Questions
What was the 1st English group to arrive in New England?
Pilgrims
John Winthrop was the leader of this group of people? What kind of city did he hope to create?
Puritans/ a city on the hill

74. Review Questions
What is the difference between a separatist and a non-separatist?
Separatist believed the Church of England was corrupt and so they left England and did not return, the Non-Separatist goal was to be an example for all to follow. They wanted to reform the church from within.
What were the two most important things to colonial New Englanders?
Cod and God

75. Review Questions
How did the geography of New England affect the lives of the people there?
Rocky soil and long winters made it bad for farming, but they developed a fishing industry and a lumbering industry because of the fall line (waterfalls) which gave them water power to turn their saw mills.
What was the 1st college created in America?
Harvard

76. Review Questions
What two events can be linked to a decline in religious faith?
The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment
What was the difference between the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening?

77. Review Question
The Enlightenment was a movement that challenged religious authority and stressed the power of reason, whereas the Great Awakening was a religious movement that was a response to a declining religious fervor among people

78. Using the maps on pages 49,54,59 & 67 of your textbook label your colonies map with all 13 colonies.
shade in the New England, Middle and Southern regions using 3 different
colors