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Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Chlamydia Chlamydia is caused by a BACTERIA
Chlamydial infection is a curable sexually transmitted infection
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Chlamydia Is Transmitted…
The bacteria causing the infection is transmitted by direct person-to-person contact through: Blood Semen from the penis Touching eyes when infected Vaginal fluid during oral, vaginal, or anal sex with an infected partner. From a mother to her newborn baby during delivery.
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Symptoms of Chlamydia:
It is called Asymptomatic because there are no symptoms. In men Chlamydia causes something called NON-SPECIFIC URETHRITIS (NSU) which can produce symptoms such as: Burning on urination Groin pain and swelling (Epididymitis) Irritation around opening of the penis Mild, sticky, milky or mucus-like discharge from penis Pain when urinating Swollen testes (which if not treated can lead to infertility) Testicular pain
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In Women** Chlamydia is often silent in women, with up to 90% of women asymptomatic. Women can carry the bacteria for months or even years without knowing it. Symptoms can start to occur within 3 weeks after getting the infection and include the following: Constant lower abdominal pain Mild, milky or yellow mucus-like vaginal discharge Nausea and fever Pain during urination Pain during sexual intercourse Spotting between periods Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
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Chlamydia can also lead to:
Cervicitis which is inflammation of the cervix. 5-13% of the women in the U.S. who get Chlamydia get cervicitis. Ectopic Pregnancy -This is where the fetus does not grow in the womb but in the ectopic tubes.
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Treatment Chlamydia can be in your body for a very long time unless treated with antibiotics. Usually this consists of a 7-10 day treatment program. A number of antibiotics are used to treat Chlamydia infections Penicillin is not effective against Chlamydia infections
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If Left Untreated….. Chlamydia can cause serious long and short term health problems in men and women as well as in newborn babies of infected mothers, including pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which can cause: Infertility Tubal pregnancy (which can sometimes be fatal)
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Current Statistics…… Chlamydia trachomatis is currently one of the most common and widespread bacterial STDs in the United States. As many as 1 in 10 adolescent girls tested for Chlamydia is infected. Teenage girls have the highest rates of Chlamydial infection regardless of demographics or location:15-19 year old girls 46% of infections; year old women 33% of infections. People infected with Chlamydia often have no symptoms these include 50% of men and 75% of women.
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease**
If Chlamydia is untreated up to 40% of women with the infection will develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID), a serious infection of the reproductive organs.
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Complications of PID….. In women Long term complication may include:
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease -an infection that spreads from the vagina and cervix to the lining of the uterus and fallopian tubes and can lead to sterility
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Gonorrhea (clap, drip) Gonorrhea is:
an infection that is spread through sexual contact with another person caused by a bacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae second only to Chlamydial infections in the number of reported cases.
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Transmission of Gonorrhea**
Through sexual contact including: penis to vagina (infection rate for males 30-50%, females 60-90%) penis to mouth, penis to rectum mouth to vagina From mother to child as the child passes through the birth canal during delivery causing: eye infections
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Symptoms of Gonorrhea**
In Women: Bleeding between periods Creamy or green, pus-like or bloody vaginal discharge Excessive bleeding during menstrual period Lower abdominal pain Painful intercourse Painful urination (burning sensation) Rectal infection Throat infection Often there are no symptoms at all in: % of men and 80% of women
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Long Term Complications
In Men Epididymitis-an inflammation of the testicles that can cause sterility In Women Ectopic pregnancy-a pregnancy outside of the uterus Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)-an ascending infection that spreads from the vagina and cervix to the uterus and fallopian tubes, which can lead to sterility Sterility In newborns Gonorrhea can be transmitted to newborns
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Treatment for Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is treated with penicillin or other antibiotics in pill form or by injection, however, the disease is becoming more and more resistant to many standard medications.
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Syphilis Is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium (Treponema pallidum) The disease is divided into three stages: Primary Secondary Tertiary (late)
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Transmission of Syphilis
In an infected person the bacterium spreads from the initial ulcer to the skin or mucous membranes of: the anus of a sexual partner the genital area the mouth The bacterium can pass through broken skin on parts of the body an infected pregnant woman who can pass the bacterium to her unborn baby sexual contact
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Primary Syphiliis** Primary syphilis presents as a small painless open sore 3 to 6 weeks after exposure. Although the lesion heals within 6 to 8 weeks, the untreated organism will continue to multiply unchecked, causing many complications. Infection may last for 30 years or more and result in severe neurological complications.
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Secondary Syphilis** Secondary syphilis is one of the few infectious diseases that produces rashes on the palms and soles, as well as a generalized rash. If an ulcer on the genitals is followed several weeks later by a rash, the person should always be evaluated for syphilis.
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Tertiary Syphilis Tertiary syphilis is a late stage of the disease which can follow the initial infection, primary syphilis, by several years(3-15). Pockets of damage accumulate in various tissues such as the bones, skin, nervous tissue, heart, and arteries. These lesions are called gummas and are very destructive
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Genital Herpes Herpes is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). The Herpes Virus HSV-type 1 Causes fever blisters on the mouth or face (oral herpes) HSV-type 2 Typically affects the genital area (genital herpes)
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Transmission of Herpes
Herpes is spread by direct contact including: Sexual contact including: Anal sex, Oral sex, Vaginal sex Kissing Skin-to-skin contact which transmits HSV-1 and HSV-2 Can be transmitted with or without the presence of sores or other symptoms Is often transmitted by people who do not realize infection can be passed on even when there are no symptoms Is often transmitted by people unaware they are infected
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Symptoms of Herpes** Symptoms usually develop within 2-20 days after contact, but could continue up to 2 weeks. Burning sensation in the genitals Flu-like symptoms Lower back pain Pain when urinating Small red bumps may appear in the genital area after initial symptoms, which later develop into painful blisters. The blisters usually: Crust over Form a scab
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Treatments of Herpes Most patients with Herpes try between two and five different therapies. These include: Prescription drugs OTC "cold sore" treatments, Herbal remedies Vitamins Nutritional changes Psychotherapy
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HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)/GENITAL WARTS
There is no cure!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a viral infection of the skin and also called: genital warts It causes growths of skin-colored, cauliflower-like masses of various sizes and shapes and located internally in the: Rectum Throat Urethra Vagina
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Transmission of HPV By people who are infected but who have no symptoms and unknowingly transmit HPV to others By touching the genitals of someone during vaginal, anal and oral sex with an infected partner To a baby during childbirth if the mother has the virus Children can get it while being bathed or changed Genital warts develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person Children can be born with the infection
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Symptoms of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) **
Symptoms may occur several weeks to months after being exposed and include: Itching or burning around the sex organs Painless growths in either sex usually on damp or moist surfaces of the body beginning as tiny, soft pink or red spots Spots develop into small, white/yellow/gray bumpy warts on the sex organs and anus Warts can grow quickly into irregularly shaped cauliflower-like masses
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Treatment of Genital Warts (HPV)
Cyrotherapy- cervical or intravaginal warts are usually treated with freezing the growths with liquid nitrogen Electrocautery- burning the growths off with a potent acid Laser surgery-destruction of the growths with laser surgery Immune response modifiers -cream
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Hepatitis Hepatitis (he-puh-TEYE-tuhs) means inflammation (swelling) of the liver. Hepatitis can be caused by: Toxins Certain drugs Some diseases Heavy alcohol use Bacterial and viral infections
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Pubic Lice Itchy sensation in your genitals.
They show themselves as visible eggs or lice in the coarse hair of the genital region (even if you shave it). Spread to the armpits and eyebrows if left untreated. T Transmitted via sexual contact, crabs can also be passed via contact with infested linens or clothing.
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Trichomoniasis Hides itself as a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis (BV) in women. Symptoms—including a thick, whitish discharge in males, offensive vaginal odor, pain or burning intercourse, and itchiness in females.
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Trichomoniasis Con’t.. A parasitic infection affects the urethra and the vagina in women. It can be transmitted back and forth between sex partners (man to woman and woman to woman) via vaginal intercourse and contact. Most men typically don’t have any symptoms.
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Prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Abstinence is the only way to be 100% sure of protection from Chlamydia and other sexually transmitted diseases Drugs reduce your ability to make sensible decisions Use Condoms Form a monogamous relationship Limit your number of sexual partners Persons who have more than one sex partner, especially women under 25, should be tested regularly Regular check-ups for STD's
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Hi v and Aids
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HIV “Human Immunodeficiency Syndrome”
A specific type of virus (a retrovirus) HIV invades the helper T cells to replicate itself. No Cure
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AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS Disease limits the body’s ability to fight infection A person with AIDS has a very weak immune system No Cure
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New HIV Infections in by Age Group
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Four Stages of HIV
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Stage 1 - Primary Short, flu-like illness - occurs one to six weeks after infection no symptoms at all Infected person can infect other people
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Stage 2 - Asymptomatic Lasts for an average of ten years
This stage is free from symptoms There may be swollen glands The level of HIV in the blood drops to very low levels HIV antibodies are detectable in the blood
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Stage 3 – Symptomatic ** The symptoms are mild
The immune system deteriorates Emergence of opportunistic infections and cancers
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Stage 4 - HIV AIDS The immune system weakens
The illnesses become more severe leading to an AIDS diagnosis
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Opportunistic Infections associated with AIDS
Bacterial Tuberculosis (TB) Strep pneumonia Viral Kaposi Sarcoma Herpes Influenza (flu)
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Modes of HIV/AIDS Transmission
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Through Bodily Fluids Blood products Semen Vaginal fluids Breast Milk
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Through IV Drug Use Sharing Needles
Without sterilization Increases the chances of contracting HIV
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Through Sex Intercourse (penile penetration into the vagina) Oral Anal
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Mother-to-Baby Before Birth During Birth Postpartum After the birth
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Treatment Options
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Antiretroviral Drugs Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
AZT (Zidovudine) Non-Nucleoside Transcriptase inhibitors Viramune (Nevirapine) Protease inhibitors Norvir (Ritonavir)
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Four ways to protect yourself?
Abstinence Monogamous Relationship Protected Sex Sterile needles
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